RELIGION STUDIES
PAPER 1
GRADE 12 
NSC EXAMS
PAST PAPERS AND MEMOS NOVEMBER 2018

MEMORANDUM 

SECTION A (COMPULSORY) 
QUESTION 1  
1.1.
1.1.1 C√ (1)
1.1.2 C√ (1)
1.1.3 A√ (1)
1.1.4 D√ (1)
1.1.5 A√ (1)
1.1.6 D√ (1)
1.1.7 D√ (1)
1.1.8 C√ (1)
1.1.9 B√ (1)
1.1.10 A√ (1) (10 x 1) (10) 
1.2
1.2.1

• Roman Catholic √
• The others belong to the Protestant subdivision of Christianity. √ (2) 

1.2.2

• Ilima √ 
• The others belong to Islam. √ (2) 

1.2.3

• Psalms. √
• The others are kinds of stories/teachings.√ (2) 

1.2.4

• Darwin. √ 
• The others were astronomers/scientists who discovered that the  earth revolves around the sun (heliocentric view). √ (2) 

1.2.5

• Martyr. √ 
• The others are religious leaders. √ (2) 

1.3
1.3.1 F√ (1)
1.3.2 H√ (1)
1.3.3 A√ (1)
1.3.4 B√ (1)
1.3.5 C√ (1)
1.3.6 D√ (1)
1.4
1.4.1

• False.√ Martin Luther King was a Baptist pastor who took a leading  role in the Civil Rights Movement in America in the 1960s.√ OR
• Martin Luther, a German Roman Catholic monk, started the  Reformation.√ (2) 

1.4.2

• False.√ The King or Queen of England is the head of the Anglican  Church. √ OR The Archbishop of Canterbury is the leading bishop but not the  head. (2) 

1.4.3

• False.√ Mixing elements of one religion with elements of another to  form a new religion is called syncretism. √ OR
• Fundamentalism is a form of conservatism in which members  interpret the scriptures literally/selectively. (2)

1.4.4 False.√ The Baha'i faith is the youngest religion in the world. / a  pluralistic religion OR African Traditional Religion is a clan-based  religion. √   (2)
1.4.5

• False.√ Orthodox Judaism is the oldest group who observe the  laws of the Torah strictly. √ OR 
• Conservative Judaism is the most recently formed of the  subdivisions of Judaism, in reaction to the liberal views of the  Reformed Jews. √ (2) 

1.4.6 False.√ Ritual is a religious observance intended to remind of a  sacred occasion. √ OR Compassion is a feeling for others that involves care for and  sympathy with them. (2) 
1.5
1.5.1 Christians/Christianity√√ (2)
1.5.2 Brahman/Ishwar/Ishvara/Shiva/Vishnu√√ (2)
1.5.3 Constantine√√ (2)
1.5.4 Normative√√ (2)
1.5.5 Yang√ and yin√ (2)
1.5.6 Qur'an√√ (2) 

TOTAL SECTION A: 50

SECTION B:  
QUESTION 2 
2.1
2.1.1

• It is regarded as the beginning of our present day awareness of  inter-religious dialogue and relationships.
• Hinduism was introduced to the West. The talks by Swami  Vivekananda especially made an impression.
• The Parliament has continued to today, successfully promoting  inter-faith dialogue and co-operation in the world. 
• Practically, it has helped with mediation between groups in  conflict situations.
• It has helped with alleviating suffering. E.g. the Parliament  developed a programme to help children in Africa who are  affected by HIV/Aids and provided medical supplies.
• It provides skills development programmes for people in  developing countries.
• NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited.(6) 

2.1.2

• It means different religions from all over the world coming  together. 
• The aim is to converse with respect and inclusivity of all sides,  seeking to understand rather than to win an argument (dialogue). (4) 

2.1.3

• The parliament of a country is part of its government, made up  of representatives who have some power and authority. 
• However, any person may attend PWR, whether representing a  larger body or not. 
• PWR does not have any power or authority to actually enforce  any of the resolutions taken. 
•  It relies on those present to go back home to their countries and  voluntarily implement the recommendations of the Parliament. (6)
• NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited.
• A maximum of FOUR marks may be awarded for one parliament,  and TWO marks for the other. 

2.1.4 EXAMPLE 1: 

•  African Council of Religious Leaders – Religions for Peace. 

Successes: 

• They successfully bring religious leaders in Africa together in an  atmosphere of inclusivity, respect and dialogue.
• They preserve the religious identity of the various religions. 
• They uphold the principles of representivity, subsidiarity and  solidarity. 
• They support locally led inter-faith activities and services. 
• They participated in the World Social Forum. 
• The positive work that has been done has made a difference to those communities, and is greatly appreciated. 

Failures: 

• There is still much suffering in Africa as a result of conflict.
• There is still suffering as a result of poverty and lack of  resources in Africa. 
• Not all countries and government authorities recognize and give  support to the African Council of Religious Leaders – Religions  for Peace.
• The organization has limited resources, and it relies on public  donations. 

EXAMPLE 2: 

• World Conference of Religions for Peace. 

Successes: 

• The organization is active on every continent.
• It has formed many inter-religious groups to address common problems.
• These groups are also working to promote world peace. 
• They have mediated in conflict situations. E.g. Sierra Leone,  Bosnia and Kosovo. 
• They have organized an international network of religious  women's organisations. 

Failures: 

•  Despite the great and dedicated work by this organisation, the  world seems to be experiencing an increase in conflict and lack  of peace.
• There even seems to be an increase in religious conflict in the  world. 
• Volunteer organisations like this invariably struggle to obtain the  resources required to match their needs. (12)
• NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited.
• Two marks are awarded for naming the organisation. In addition, If  only successes or only failures are discussed, a maximum of 8 marks may be awarded. 

2.1.5

• Cape Town is home to many races, religious traditions, and  cultural varieties. 
• They wanted to experience spiritual and cultural variety, to  exchange insight and to share wisdom. 
• The world was full of admiration for South Africa on its  achievement of democracy in 1994. 
•  People were keen to come to South Africa in support of its  peaceful transition, including religious people. 
• President Nelson Mandela supported interreligious relationships  and attended the Parliament. 
• Cape Town is a world class city/has the necessary  infrastructure.
• NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (6) 

2.2

• A religious teaching is systematic information about a religion.
• If the teaching is accepted by faith, it becomes a person's religious belief.
• Therefore, teaching and belief are connected – teaching leads to belief and  behind a belief there is a teaching. (4)

2.3

• A doctrine is often contested. 
• There is a sense of argument and negotiation, as doctrines are  constructed in relation to philosophical worldviews. 
• A dogma has to do with the claim to absolute authority of certain  teachings. 
• A dogma is more formal, fixed and authoritative and therefore not  contested. 
• Dogmas are binding on members if they want to claim membership of a  religion. This means that in order to be regarded as a member of a religion,  a person needs to accept its dogmas. (4) 

2.4.
2.4.1

• A religion's uniqueness is at least one distinctive feature that  sets it apart from other religions. 
• A unique feature is 'one-of-a-kind', something that belongs only  to that religion and no other. (2) 

2.4.2

• Unity means standing together, for a common purpose. 
• It is usually possible to identify the aspect in which religions are  united – they share a belief or a practice; they stand together to  fight for a cause, etc. (2) 

2.5
2.5.1

• People in a religion might have a strong sense of togetherness  and support for each other, forming a united community. 
• People in a religion are united in their belief in the teachings of  that particular religion. 
• Members carry out the same practices within a religion.
• NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (2) 

2.5.2

• Different religions might come together to provide humanitarian  assistance for a community affected by a natural disaster. 
• They unite to address social challenges, such as gangsterism or  substance abuse, in their communities. 
• Different religions might be in unity with regard to a  teaching/belief.
• NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (2) [50]

QUESTION 3 
3.1

• The word 'media' is the plural of the Latin 'medium' meaning 'by means of'.
• We understand media as the means by or through which mass  communication is carried out. 
• Kinds of media: social media/ social networks; 
• electronic media; TV, films 
• Print media/ mass media – magazines, newspaper, publications,  pamphlets, articles; radio, broadcasting, etc. (6)
• NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. 

3.2

• The significant increase in coverage is in line with the communications  explosion of our times. 
• Due to today's easy access to information, more people are curious to  know and find out things, including religious matters, for themselves. 
• These days many ordinary people are also well-educated, not just the  religious experts, and their education enables them to form their own  opinions in religious matters and world affairs. 
• The increase in coverage can be beneficial to religion as it involves more  people and there can be greater accountability all round. 
• On the other hand, mere increase in coverage is not automatically a  benefit, especially if the coverage is skewed.
• NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (6) 

3.3
3.3.1

• 'Orthodox faiths' means the major traditional religions of the  world, e.g. Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism and  Buddhism. 
• 'Minority religions' means the smaller, lesser-known religions,  such as indigenous knowledge systems/indigenous religions,  Jainism, Confucianism, Shinto (4)   

3.3.2

• Our increasingly secular world is not very interested in religion,  particularly the traditional, mainline religions. 
• Our secular world may even be quite hostile to religion. 
• These religions, regarded as 'old' and 'stuffy', are not seen as  newsworthy unless the news can be made sensational. 
• The modern trend is towards protecting minorities who do not  have much of a voice to speak for themselves. 
• Previously, the minority religions, such as the indigenous  religions, were in danger of dying out.
• NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. aan (4)

3.4 EXAMPLE 1: 

•  Recently there have been reports in the print media/newspapers about  sexual abuse of boys by clergy in the Anglican Church. 
• Two men have revealed this after more than 20 years of silence, one a  well-known author. 
• The Anglican Archbishop of Cape Town, Archbishop Thabo Makgoba,  devoted part of his Easter sermon to this matter, which has been a shock  to the church. 
• He acknowledged that the church has lagged behind in investigating such matters. 
• The article gave a balanced view. 
• The Archbishop must be complimented for his honesty and for the steps  he has taken to prevent such crises. 

EXAMPLE 2: 

•  According to a report in the social media, the Cultural, Religious and  Language Rights Commission has been investigating reports of sexual  abuse by religious leaders. 
• A spokesperson for the Commission has stated that this issue is 'more  common than we thought'. 
• The Commission is doing its work following up the complaints in an  objective and professional manner. 
• At the same time, it laments the spread of sexual abuse that it is  uncovering.
• Initial reports indicate that the sexual abuse has been going on for a long  time, but in silence and secrecy. 
• The victims feel helpless because the perpetrator is an authority figure in a  position of trust. 
• They are also often threatened with violence, and therefore remain silent. NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (10) 

3.5
3.5.1

• This is a generalisation of someone or a group of people that is  fixed and widely held, that one has accepted unquestioningly from  others, without personal reflection or experience or research.
• The acceptance is based on a preconceived idea or ignorance or  prejudice. 
• Example: Germans are anti-Jew.
• NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (4) 

3.5.2

• This is an unfair favouring of one or other point of view. 
• It is similar to prejudice. 
• It is the opposite of impartiality. 
• Example: In the apartheid era, the state was biased towards a  specific interpretation of the Bible that favoured white supremacy. 
• NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (4) 

3.5.3

• It means reporting all sides of an issue without favouring any one.
• Synonyms for impartiality are neutrality, fairness, non-bias,  objectivity. 
• It is the opposite of bias or prejudice. 
• Example: The South African Constitution shows impartiality in  matters of religion or race.
• NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (4) 

3.5.4

• Sensationalism is reporting with the intention of raising 'hype' around an issue. 
• The reason is often commercial – to grab attention and so attract  sales. 
• There is less concern to take a reasoned approach. 
• There is no concern to get to the truth of the matter. 
• Example: the pastors who sprayed their congregation with  insecticide received worldwide publicity.
• NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (4) 

3.5.5

• This is an account that reports the facts, without emotive language.
• It is the opposite of a sensational or emotional or biased account.
• E.g. A report on Roman Catholic priests that balances the good  and the bad, showing the proportion of those involved in child  abuse and measuring this against the general population.
• NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (4) [50]

QUESTION 4 
4.1 EXAMPLES: 
Freedom from discrimination 

•  You have the responsibility to uphold this right both for yourself and for  others. 
• You must not discriminate against others on the basis of race, colour, sex,  language or political opinion.
• he right to marriage and family 
• You have the responsibility to support and promote family life, especially  your own. 
• You have the responsibility not to act in any way that would lead to the  break-down of a family. 

The right to education 

•  You have the responsibility to attend classes. 
• You have the responsibility to be a diligent learner/student doing the work  and study required.
• NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (8) 

4.2

• In the Bill of Rights in the South African Constitution, religious freedom is  included among the rights listed. 
• It says 'everyone has the right to freedom of conscience, religion, thought,  belief and opinion.' 

Religious observances may be conducted at state or state-aided institutions  under three conditions: 

• The observances follow rules made by the appropriate public authorities.
• The observances are conducted on an equitable basis. 
• Attendance is free and voluntary.(8) 

4.3

• At important state occasions, such as the inauguration of the state  president, the opening of parliament and at public holiday celebrations  (e.g. Freedom Day), leaders from many faiths are invited to participate. 
• Religions co-operate freely to tackle community needs, such as activities  for the youth and elderly, soup kitchens, social and spiritual counselling  and support, the fight against drugs and gangsterism. 
• Inter-religious services and prayer meetings are held. 
• Prayer for rain to alleviate the drought in Cape Town and other parts of  South Africa is an example. 
• Religious discrimination can be reported to the Human Rights  Commission. 
• It can also be investigated by the Cultural, Religious and Language Rights  Commission. 
• Both these bodies have acted decisively to protect religious freedom. 
• Religion Studies teaches about different religions and traditions. It includes  faiths which were marginalized during the apartheid era. 
• It is not a compulsory subject.
• NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (10)

4.4 EXAMPLE 1: 

• Sudan in Africa. 
• Civil war broke out when the Muslim central government tried to impose  Sharia law on the south. 
• The tribes in the south were Christians and some were followers of African  Religion. 
• Religious freedom was violated. 
• When South Sudan was made an independent country in 2011, matters  quietened down for a short period. 

EXAMPLE 2: 

• Syria in the Middle East. 
• Fundamentalist Muslims (ISIS/ISIL) wanted to set up a caliphate. 
• They fought violently to chase away moderate Muslims, and people of other  faiths, in order to create space for them to take over. 
• For example, Christians that had been there for a long time, were chased out. ∙ This is a violation of religious freedom. 
• There are also undertones of Sunni-Shia conflict, each side showing  intolerance towards the other.
• NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (8) 

4.5
4.5.1 EXAMPLES: 

•  Judaism and Christianity teach that each person is unique because  he/she is made in the image and likeness of God. 
• He/she is deserving of human dignity and equality. 
• Christianity also teaches that one should love one's neighbour as  oneself.
• This shows that people are to love each other and that each one is  worthy of love.
• Most religions teach that human life is sacred and must be given  the greatest respect. E.g. Islam, African Religion, Hinduism. 
• Buddhism has the teaching 'First, do no harm' (ahimsa). 
• It clearly spells out that we do not have the right to harm others  and that everyone has the right to be protected and safe.(8)
• NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited.
• NO credit is given if religious teachings are not clearly indicated. 

4.5.2 EXAMPLES: 

• Buddhism teaches the Eightfold Path to attain Nirvana. 
• The Eightfold Path encourages each one to work towards spiritual  fulfilment, regardless of the particular religion. This is freedom of  religion in practice. 
• The Baha'i faith teaches that all religions believe in the same God  and one day all people will be united in the Baha'i Faith, the only  religion that will be in existence. 
• There is religious freedom because all religions are included. 
• Islam teaches that Allah created people with free will and the ability  to reason. 
• People have freedom of belief because it is impossible to force  people to believe in something. The Qur'an states 'There is no  compulsion in Islam'. 
•  Hinduism teaches that all religions are different paths leading to  the Divine. Every person must faithfully follow his/her path towards God. (8)
• NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited.
• NO credit is given if religious teachings are not clearly indicated. [50] 

QUESTION 5 
5.1 NOTE: Award TWO marks for the definition, and TWO marks for the religion. 5.1.1

• This is the worship of or belief in only one god. 
• The Abrahamic religions are monotheistic 
•  The Abrahamic religions are Judaism, Christianity and Islam.(4) 

5.1.2

• This refers to someone who chooses the optional stage of life of  the devout person. 
• This person withdraws from society, gives up all possessions  and wanders about. 
• It is a practice in Hinduism.(4) 

5.1.3

• This means showing respect and empathy for people. 
• It includes helping those who are physically, emotionally,  socially or spiritually in need. 
• It is a communal way of life based on 'Umuntu ngumuntu  ngabantu' meaning 'I am because we are'. 
• It is the ethics or moral order based on respect for people. 
• It is found in African Traditional Religion.(4) 

5.1.4

• Dharma refers to the way of Higher Truths (doctrines) 
•  This is how it is understood in Buddhism
  OR 
• Dharma is the belief that there is divine order in the whole of  existence. 
• This is how it is understood in Hinduism. (4) 

5.2 5.2.1

• These make up the Abrahamic religions/Religions of the Book/  the Near East or Middle East cluster. 
• They are monotheistic. 
• They share many prophets – Abraham, Isaac, Moses. 
• They place great emphasis on religious teaching. 
• They regard their sacred scripture as divinely inspired. 
• They believe in the Judgement Day.
• NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (2) 

5.2.2

• They belong to the cluster of the Indian sub-continent. 
• Buddhism arose out of Hinduism, so they share a common root. 
• They both believe in reincarnation (samsara), although they  have different perceptions of it. 
• They both have the teachings of moksha and karma.
• NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (2)

5.2.3

• They include much African culture in their rituals and practices.
• They believe that ancestors are intermediaries between God  and the living. 
• They enjoy 'lively' services with spirited singing and dancing.
•  The priests in the Zionist Christian Churches play a role similar  to healers in ATR.
• NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (2) 

5.3 NOTE: Practices such as fasting and Hajj are NOT credited.  

• They believe in Allah the Lord of all that exists. 
• They believe that there is only one God, Allah. 
• They believe in the angels. 
• They believe in His Books.
• They believe in all His messengers. 
• They believe in Judgement Day. 
• They believe in Divine decree, good or bad.
• They believe in predestination.
• They believe in life after death. (12) 

5.4

• Each is a set of thoughts, ideas, teachings, beliefs and practices that  guides the worldview of their followers. 
• The word 'ideology' is often used as a substitute for religion, especially  when the supporter of a particular ideology does not have a religion. 
• Current use of the word often implies that the speaker is talking about a set  of beliefs not his/her own. 
• Ideology includes both secular and religious worldviews.(4) 

5.5 EXAMPLE 1: AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION (ATR) 

• Ancestor veneration/Intermediaries 
• Although ATR believes in a Supreme Being, the followers do not interact  much with this divinity who is seen as almighty and remote. 
• Instead they interact greatly with the ancestors whom they regard as  intermediaries between the Supreme Being and humans.
• The ancestors are a very important part of this religion. They guide and  protect the family who consult them on all matters. 
• Humans interact with the ancestors through the human intermediaries  known as sangomas or diviners. 
• To become a sangoma is a special calling. 
• Communal way of life/a clan based religion/the concept of ubuntu
• There is a strong emphasis on the community, little idea of individualism.
• The structure and organisation of society is clan-based, led by the elders  for whom there is great respect. The elders will become the ancestors.
• The spirit in the community is that of Ubuntu which fosters care for each  other.
• Emphasis on practice/No special day of worship. 
• This religion emphasises 'doing'. 
• It has many rituals, carried out for various purposes, led by the elder of the  clan. 
• There is no special date or time for the rituals.
• They are carried out when needed and agreed upon by the clan or  community. 
• When the ritual is carried out, that time and activity are sacred. There is no  special day of worship. 

EXAMPLE 2: BUDDHISM 

• There is no God at the centre of its beliefs and teachings. 
• The aim and purpose of life is to attain Nirvana or Enlightenment.
• This rests on the individual, who can get there by his own efforts and  practices. 
• The way to achieve Nirvana is by following the Eightfold Path. 
• Humans suffer and are unhappy because of attachment. 
• The way to alleviate this is to develop the attitude of detachment.
• Detachment can be developed with the realisation that everything in the  universe is impermanent. 
• The Four Noble Truths teach this worldview. 
• The Eightfold Path teaches a way of living that leads to Nirvana: 
• Right understanding and thought involves the wisdom to actively choose  this way. 
• Next comes the right conduct or actions that go with this decision – right  speech, action, and livelihood. 
• The last three involve the higher level of the spiritual – right effort,  mindfulness and concentration in meditation.
• NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (12) [50] 

 TOTAL SECTION B: 100 
GRAND TOTAL: 150

HOSPITALITY STUDIES
GRADE 12 
NSC EXAMS
PAST PAPERS AND MEMOS NOVEMBER 2018

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 

1. This question paper consists of FOUR sections.
   SECTION A: Short questions (all topics) (40)
   SECTION B: Kitchen and restaurant operations; 
    Hygiene, safety and security (20)
   SECTION C: Nutrition and menu planning; 
   Food commodities (80)
   SECTION D: Sectors and careers; 
   Food and beverage service (60) 
2. Answer ALL the questions in the ANSWER BOOK. 
3. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this  question paper. 
4. Write neatly and legibly.

QUESTIONS 

SECTION A 
QUESTION 1: SHORT QUESTIONS 
1.1 MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS 
Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions.  Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question  numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.10) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.1.11 D. 
EXAMPLE: 
1.1.11 A good source of vitamin C is … 

1. milk.
2. meat.
3.  bread.
4. oranges. 

ANSWER: 1.1.11 D 
1.1.1 The incubation period of hepatitis A is … days.  

1. 2 to 4 
2. 4 to 9 
3. 10 to14 
4. 15 to 45 (1) 

1.1.2 A suitable accompaniment for roast venison served with sweet  potato mash is … sauce. 

1. apple 
2. red currant
3. mint 
4. madeira (1) 

1.1.3 Sugar syrup and egg whites are whisked to the stiff peak stage during the preparation of ... meringue. 

1. Swedish
2. Italian 
3. French
4. Swiss (1)

1.1.4 A traditional Afrikaans confectionery made with dough that is  plaited and deep fried is known as a … 

1. churro
2. fritter.
3. koeksister. 
4. beignet. (1) 

1.1.5 Rissoles are … 

1. sautéed minced meat balls. 
2. deep fried chicken nuggets. 
3. chicken liver wrapped in bacon. 
4. minced meat shaped on a skewer. (1) 

1.1.6 A religious group that consumes strictly kosher food: 

1. Hindus 
2. Jews 
3. Muslims 
4. Buddhists (1) 

1.1.7 When preparing pickled onions, …, salt and spices are used to  preserve the product. 

1. brown vinegar 
2. lemon juice 
3. salicylic acid 
4. benzoic acid (1) 

1.1.8 A type of service style where a waiter uses a spoon and fork to  serve meat and vegetables onto a guest's plate: 

1. Buffet 
2. Plated
3. Gueridon 
4. Silver (1) 

1.1.9 The position of the white wine glass is 2,5 cm from the tip of the … 

1. main course knife. 
2. entreé knife. 
3. main course fork. 
4. entreé fork. (1) 

1.1.10 When a small fire breaks out at a table in a restaurant, … 

1. open all the doors and windows. 
2. smother the fire with a service cloth. 
3. use a fire extinguisher. 
4. evacuate the restaurant. (1)

1.2 MATCHING ITEMS 
Choose the technique from COLUMN B that matches the picture  in COLUMN A. Write only the letter (A–G) next to the question numbers  (1.2.1 to 1.2.4) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.2.5 H. 

1.3 ONE-WORD ITEMS 
Give ONE term/word for EACH of the following descriptions. Write only the  term/word next to the question numbers (1.3.1 to 1.3.10) in the ANSWER  BOOK. 
1.3.1 harge of disciplinary action and evaluation of  performance in the workplace 
1.3.2 Expenses related to operating a business successfully, e.g. water and  electricity 
1.3.3 Very thin pancake served with an orange sauce and flambéed during service  
1.3.4 Incomplete animal protein used to make gelatin 
1.3.5 Yellow connective tissue found in meat 
1.3.6 A South African relish made from carrots, cabbage, onions, peppers,  chillies and curry spices 
1.3.7 A paper-thin dough used to make baklava 
1.3.8 Brushing pastry products with egg to give it a shiny, golden-brown  surface 
1.3.9 Type of marketing tool that includes internet and e-mails 
1.3.10 Minimum age at which a person is allowed to be served alcohol in a  restaurant (10) 
1.4 SELECTION 
1.4.1 Identify FOUR ingredients in the list below that are essential for  successful choux pastry products. Write only the letters (A–H) next  to the question number (1.4.1) in the ANSWER BOOK. 

1. Butter
2. Milk 
3. Eggs 
4. Water 
5. Sugar
6. Cake flour 
7. Baking powder 
8. Lemon juice (4) 

1.4.2 Identify THREE reasons in the list below why a tart crust may  shrink during the baking process. Write only the letters (A–E) next  to the question number (1.4.2) in the ANSWER BOOK. 

1. Over-mixing of dough 
2. Using too much flour when rolling out dough 
3. Incorrect measurement of ingredients 
4. Not resting and chilling the dough after each stage 
5. Overstretching of dough during the rolling process (3)

1.4.3 Identify TWO general rules for mixing cocktails. Write only the  letters (A–D) next to the question number (1.4.3) in the ANSWER  BOOK. 

1. Sparkling drinks should not be shaken. 
2. Cream and fruit juice should not be shaken  
3. Cream and fruit juice should be shaken. 
4. Sparkling drinks should be shaken. (2) 

1.4.4 Select TWO terms that are related to measurement used during  the preparation of mocktails. Write only the letters (A–E) next to the  question number (1.4.4) in the ANSWER BOOK. 

1. Flip
2. Shot 
3. Dash 
4. Frost 
5. Frappé (2) 

1.5 MATCHING ITEMS 
Choose a serving item from COLUMN B that matches the description  in COLUMN A. Write only the letter (A–H) next to the question numbers  (1.5.1 to 1.5.5) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.5.6 I. 

 (5 x 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 40

SECTION B: KITCHEN AND RESTAURANT OPERATIONS; 
HYGIENE, SAFETY AND SECURITY 
QUESTION 2 
2.1 Study the extract below and answer the questions that follow. 

CHEFS: 'PREVENT TB TIMEOUSLY!'
	People die from tuberculosis each  day. The tragedy is that TB can be cured  if it is managed properly. However, this is exactly the problem.  If you want to prevent TB in time,  you should act in good time. You  should also realise that people at  risk from getting TB are often  ignorant about the signs and  symptoms. People with HIV, drug  users and health care workers are at huge risk.

2.1.1 Name THREE symptoms of TB. (3) 
2.1.2 Do you think chefs with TB should be allowed to work in a  hospitality establishment? Motivate your answer. (3) 
2.1.3 TB-infected chefs are frequently absent from work. Discuss the impact that this will have on South African economy. (3)
2.1.4 Explain why people with HIV are at high risk of contracting TB. (2)
2.2 Study the extract below and answer the questions that follow. 

2.2.1 Explain TWO ways in which the security staff can demonstrate alertness at the hotel. (2) 
2.2.2 Good team spirit at any hospitality establishment will impact on the profitability of the establishment. Discuss the statement above. (3)
2.3 Describe how computers can assist the chefs with menu planning. (4)

TOTAL SECTION B: 20

SECTION C: NUTRITION AND MENU PLANNING;  
FOOD COMMODITIES 
QUESTION 3 
3.1 Study the photograph below and answer the questions that follow. 

3.1.1 Classify the dessert above. (1) 
3.1.2 Distinguish between a crème pâtissière and a crème brûlée referring to the ingredients and the preparation method. Tabulate  your answer as follows:  (4) 

3.2 The items below can be used to decorate a trifle. 

3.2.1 Describe the term tuilles. (2)
3.2.2 Predict the end results of the following techniques: 

1. Tempering chocolate when making the chocolate curls (2) 
2. Boiling the sugar to the desired stage when making the spun  sugar (2) 

3.2.3 Select an item from the list in QUESTION 3.2 that is NOT suitable  for a person who is allergic to nuts. (1) 
3.2.4 Explain the reaction of a person with a nut allergy if he/she consumes the item selected in QUESTION 3.2.3. (4)
3.3 Discuss the suitability of the trifle for a person suffering from diabetes. (3)
3.4 Answer the questions that follow. 
3.4.1 Describe the first process that should be followed when using  gelatine powder to prepare fruit jelly for the trifle. (3) 
3.4.2 With what would you substitute the gelatin in the fruit jelly to make  it suitable for vegetarians? (1) 
3.4.3 How much gelatine powder must be used if the recipe states  two sheets of gelatine? Motivate your answer. (2) 
3.5 3.5.1 Suggest THREE types of vegetarians who will be able to eat the  trifle. Give a reason for your answer. (4) 
3.5.2 Many vegetarians include dried pulses in their diet. Justify the statement above. (5) 
3.6 Explain how the sterilising and sealing techniques are applied when bottling  strawberries. Give a reason for applying each technique. Tabulate your  answer as follows: 

(6) [40]

QUESTION 4 

4.1 Study the pictures below and answer the questions that follow. 

4.1.1 Identify a beef cut that will be suitable for dish A and dish B respectively. (2) 
4.1.2 Justify the use of the filling in the beef olives above. (4)
4.1.3 Discuss the rules for grilling the sirloin over hot coals. (3)
4.1.4 Motivate why moist heat is NOT suitable for steaks. (2)
4.1.5 Suggest TWO accompaniments for the tournedo. (2)
4.2 Study the extract below and answer the questions that follow. 

4.2.1 Calculate the total cost of the function for 200 guests. Show ALL  calculations. (3) 
4.2.2 Calculate the deposit that is required. Show ALL calculations. (2) 
4.2.3 Use the information above to complete the quotation form below.  Write the question number (4.2.3) and only the word/term next to  the letters (A to D) in the ANSWER BOOK. 
(4)
4.3 Study the menu for the cocktail function below and answer the questions  that follow. 

4.3.1 Cocktail functions are very popular in South Africa. List THREE types of functions where you could use the menu  above. (3)
4.3.2 Explain the term canapé. (3)
4.3.3 Evaluate the cocktail snacks on the menu with regard to:  

1. Appearance 
2. Ingredients (2 x 2) (4) 

4.4 Study the pastry pictures below and answer the questions below. 

4.4.1 Identify pastry A and pastry B. (2)
4.4.2 Refer to the cocktail menu in QUESTION 4.3. Select ONE item made from pastry A and ONE item made from  pastry B. (2)
4.5 Answer the questions below on the profiteroles. 
4.5.1 Explain why it is important to ensure that all the eggs are NOT added at once during the preparation of choux paste. (2) 
4.5.2 Suggest the most appropriate utensils that could be used to shape  the profiteroles. (2) [40] 

TOTAL SECTION C: 80

SECTION D: SECTORS AND CAREERS; 
FOOD AND BEVERAGE SERVICE 
QUESTION 5 
Study the scenario below and answer the questions that follow.  

5.1 Name the marketing tool that Nomhle will be using. (1) 
5.2 Identify Nomhle's target market. (3)   
5.3 Discuss FIVE aspects to consider when designing the posters. (5)   
5.4 Discuss THREE ways, other than posters, in which Nomhle can promote her  business. (3)   
5.5 Use the information in the scenario above and compile a business plan for  Nomhle. (6)   
5.6 Describe THREE indirect job opportunities that Nomhle's business may  create. (3) 
5.7 State FOUR responsibilities of an accountant in the business above. (3) 
5.8 Name and describe THREE non-revenue generating areas, other than  accounting, in her business. (6) [30]

QUESTION 6 
6.1 Read the case study below and answer the questions that follow. 

6.1.1 Explain how the waiters should handle the following situations:

1. Guests have to wait long for their food. (4)
2. Guests become loud and start irritating other guests (5) 

6.1.2 Suggest what to do to rectify the situation when a guest is irritated  by the delay. (1)   
6.1.3 Explain the procedure that waiters should follow in order to ensure  that the cutlery is presentable before the guests are seated. (3)   
6.2 Study the wine labels below and answer the questions that follow. 

6.2.1 Write down the colour of wine A. Give a reason for your answer. (2)
6.2.2 Recommend the best serving temperature for both wines. (1)
6.2.3 Explain the term Brut. (1)
6.2.4 Distinguish between wine A and wine B with regard to the  manufacturing method and origin. Tabulate your answer as follows:  (4) 

6.2.5 Suggest a classic food/dish to pair with wine B. (1) . 
6.3 Establishments have to comply with the Liquor Act, 2003 (Act 59 of 2003) for  selling liquor. Name the TWO types of liquor licences that establishments can apply for and  explain EACH type. (2 x 2) (4) 
6.4 Describe the procedure that a waiter should follow when taking and placing  a food order. (4) [30] 

TOTAL SECTION D: 60 
GRAND TOTAL: 200

HOSPITALITY STUDIES
GRADE 12
NSC EXAMS
PAST PAPERS AND MEMOS NOVEMBER 2018

MEMORANDUM 

SECTION A 
QUESTION 1 
1.1 MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS  (10) 

1.2 MATCHING ITEMS  (4) 

1.3 ONE-WORD ITEMS  (10) 

1.4 SELECTION 

1.5. MATCHING ITEMS 

TOTAL SECTION A: 40

SECTION B: KITCHEN AND RESTAURANT OPERATIONS. HYGIENE, SAFETY AND SECURITY 
QUESTION 2 
2.1 2.1.1

• Constant coughing/longer than three weeks√
• Fever/Chills√
• Night sweats√
• Chest pains√
• Coughing blood√
• Loss of appetite√
• Weight loss√
• Constant tiredness/fatigue√
• Shortness of breath/ Dyspnoea √ (Any 3) (3) 

2.1.2

• No /Worker must go on sick leave√
• TB is contagious/ To avoid it being spread √
• It can be spread to other members of staff, food and guests.√ (3) 

2.1.3

• There will be a workflow disruption√
• Less workers will lead to low productivity√
• There will be a need for retraining and hiring of workers√
• It will increase indirect costs related to care and treatment of employees√
• There will be vacant posts/job opportunities for others√
• Less money will be available for investment√
• The worker doesn’t earn money/no money to spend or pay tax√ 
• Economic growth of the business will be inhibited/ It has a negative  impact on the economy/multiplier effect√   (Any 3) (3) 

2.1.4

• People with HIV have a weakened immune system √ leaving the  body more vulnerable to TB√
• A weakened immune system allows TB to infect other parts of the  body other than the lungs√
• TB increases the formation of HIV viruses√ (Any 2) (2) 

2.2
2.2.1

• By ensuring that the premises are safe and secure by walking  around/regular rounds/watching CCTV√
• By looking out for and reporting any uncommon behaviour,  incidents or any suspicious person or object to the supervisor√
• By speaking to guests about the safety of their belongings(must be  related to keeping their belongings safe)/sending alerts to their  devices √.
• Must be visible at entrance√ (2)
• Search staff when they enter the workplace or when they leave√  (Any 2) 

2.2.2

• Good teamwork will lead to good team spirit/positivity that will leave  a good impression. √
• Good teamwork will increase productivity√
• Good impression will lead to satisfied customers that are willing to  pay√
• Satisfied customers become loyal customers that return to the  business√
• Customers will come up with positive word of mouth that attract  more customers√
• More customers will increase the income and profits√ (Any 3) (3) 

2.3 Computers can assist chefs in the following ways: 

• Dish sales can be recorded√
• Unpopular dishes can be removed from the menu√
• The chef can search dishes for the menu on the internet√
• The menu and the ingredient costs can be calculated√
• Selling price can be calculated easily√
• Profit can be calculated easily √
• Developing and changing of recipes can be simplified√
• Recipes and ingredients can be listed√
• Order lists can be compiled easily and accurately√
• Metric conversions can done automatically√
• Serving sizes can be printed on a recipe√
• Nutritional values can be determined√ 
• Online dictionary for translating menu/ingredient terms √ (Any 4) (4)  

TOTAL SECTION B: 20

SECTION C: NUTRITION AND MENU PLANNING AND FOOD COMMODITIES
QUESTION 3 
3.1
3.1.1 Cold dessert √ (1)
3.1.2   (4) 

3.2
3.2.1

• Made from equal amounts of butter, icing sugar, flour and egg  whites√
• Crisp, paper-thin biscuits√
• Baked into different shapes√
• Twisted and curled after coming out of the oven, while still hot√  (Any 2) (2) 

3.2.2 (a)

• Tempering chocolate makes the chocolate more resistant to   melting/ prevents chocolate from melting.√ 
• Results in a smooth and shiny chocolate finish. √ 
• It will be hard/ set properly /snap on breaking √ (Any 2) (2) 

(b) Boiling sugar to the desired stage will ensure: 

•  a light brown colour/golden brown. √ 
• a pleasant caramel taste. √ 
• that the consistency is suitable and that the spun   sugar holds its shape/able to make thin threads.√ (Any 2) (2)

3.2.3 Praline√ (1) 
3.2.4

• Anaphylaxis: severe body allergic reaction √
• Swelling, tongue, lips or eyes /tightening of throat√
• Difficulty in breathing/choking√
• Vomiting √
• Diarrhoea√
• Abdominal cramps√ 
• Eczema/Hives: skin rashes/redness/itching√ 
• Tingling sensation in the mouth√
• Heart palpitations√
• Lowered blood pressure/feeling faint√ (Any 4) (4)

3.3 I

• t is not suitable√ because the trifle has: (1) too much sugar/sugar will increase blood glucose√
• fat in the cream/ custard/ fat in egg yolks√ only refined starch√
• no high-fibre ingredients/no complex carbohydrates√ (Any 2) (3) 

3.4
3.4.1

• Hydrate/sponging/soak or blooming gelatine√
• Sprinkle powder over cold water/liquid√
• Leave to stand / soak for two minutes or longer√ / to absorb liquid  and swell√ (Any 3) (3)

3.4.2 Agar-agar/Gum from seaweed√ (1) 
3.4.3 3,4-6g OR 10ml√ because:  

• 1 sheet of gelatine is equivalent to 1,7g-3g/5ml √ therefore:
• 2 sheets are 1.7g x2 = 3.4g or 5mlx2= 10ml √
  (Note: multiply the amount by 2) (2) 

3.5
3.5.1

• Pollo-vegetarian√
• Pesco-vegetarian√
• Pollo-pescatarian/semi-vegetarian√
• Flexitarian√
• Lacto-ovo vegetarian√ (Any 3) 

Reason: Diet of the above vegetarians includes milk, dairy  products, eggs, and fruits √ (1) (4)  
3.5.2

• It is high in protein/essential amino acids e.g.lysine√
• Low in fat√
• Cholesterol free√
• Natural source of fibre√
• Gluten free√
• High in vitamin B √
• High in minerals/ such as potassium/ iron / magnesium√
• Rich in anti-oxidants√
• Low GI√ 
• It adds variety to the diet√
• More affordable/relatively cheap√
• Longer shelf life√
• Readily/easily available√ (Any 5) (5)   

3.6 (6) [40]

QUESTION 4 
4.1
4.1.1 (2) 

4.1.2

• Stretches the portion√
• Gives more flavour√
• Improves appearance√
• Makes it more succulent and juicy/adds moisture/less dry√
• Creates more interesting dishes√ 
• Improves nutritive value √ (Any 4) (4) 

4.1.3

• Use a clean grill √
• Brush grill with lemon/rosemary/onion to add flavour√
• Use charcoal or non-poisonous wood√
• Grill ±10cm above moderate coals/do not put directly on coals/ not  too hot√
• Grill should leave appetising crosshatch marks on the meat√  Don’t season/salt meat before grilling√ 
• Keep/ rest steak at room temperature before grilling √
• Use meat tongs/don’t poke with a fork√ (3)
• Brush grill with oil to prevent sticking√
• Grill on one side, leave to loosen by itself and turn on other side√
• Grill meat to rare or medium to ensure soft meat/grill for equal  amounts of time on both sides√ (Any 3)  

4.1.4

• Moist heat is for tough meat cuts/forequarter√
• Steaks are tender/don’t have lots of connective tissue/collagen that  needs softening√
• Muscle fibre becomes tougher if moist heat is applied/ steaks will  become tough/rubbery√
• Meat juices will be lost in water/liquid resulting in less flavour√  (Any 2) (2) 

4.1.5

• Truffles√
• Foie gras/duck liver√
• Crouté√
• Any:
  • sauce (e.g. madeira sauce)√
  • vegetables (e.g. grilled vegetables)√
  • starch (e.g. mashed potatoes)√
  • salad (e.g. greek salad) √ (Any 2 relevant answers) (2) 

4.2
4.2.1 Total cost=total cost per person x number of guests + overheads/

• 200 x R200 = R40 000√ 
  (R40 000) √ + (R500 + R300)√
  =R40 800 √ (Any 3)   (3)

4.2.2

• R40 800 x 50% (50/100)√ 
  =R20 400 √ 
  OR
• R40 800 / 2√= R20 400 √ (2)

4.2.3

• A Aloe caterers √
• B Witteklip Secondary School√
• C 3½ hours/ 18:30-22:00√
• D 4 November 2018 √ (4) 

4.3
4.3.1

• Celebrations: birthdays√/ weddings √/ anniversaries√/funerals√/  matric farewell/ tea party√
• Social events/entertainment√
• Prize giving functions / award ceremonies√
• Marketing functions/product/media launches√
• Business liaising/functions√/fund raising events√ (Any relevant 3) (3) 

4.3.2

• Tiny, bite-sized√, savoury snacks√
• Attractively garnished√
• Three parts: base, spread and garnish√
• May be glazed with aspic to prevent drying out√ (Any 3) (3) 

4.3.3 (a) Appearance: Bad√ 

• No colour variation: too many white and pink colours√
• Not all bites are dainty/bite sized e.g. quiche √
• Good√ - variety of shapes: round, long, etc.√ 
•  (Any 2 relevant answers) 

(b) Ingredients used: Good√ 

• Applicable accompaniments√
• Different food groups included√
• Savoury and sweet snacks are included√
• Bad√-Too many fish dishes: salmon, tuna, sushi √
• High in starch/carbohydrates√
• Rich in fat: mayonnaise, cream, chocolate√
• Not sufficient vegetarian options√ (Any 2 relevant answers) (4) 

4.4
4.4.1

• A Short crust/pate sucree√ 
• B Puff pastry/rough puff/flaky pastry√ (2) 

4.4.2

• A Biltong, Feta and Leek Quiche/ mini canapes with smoked tuna  tartare √
• B Bouchées with Lemon Curd and Cream/mini canapes with  smoked tuna tartare√ (2) 

4.5
4.5.1 If too much egg is added at a time, the mixture can’t be  corrected/pastry is ruined because the fat isn’t emulsified properly√ 

• Too much egg will result in a runny pastry √
• The pastry cannot be shaped or piped properly√
• End products have a poor shape/no cavity/flat/dense texture √  (Any 2) (2) 

4.5.2

• Piping bag/plastic bag√
• Piping nozzle√
• Two spoons/teapoons√ (Any 2) (2)  [40] 

TOTAL SECTION C: 80

SECTION D: FOOD AND BEVERAGE SERVICE 
QUESTION 5 
5.1 Visual/poster√ (1) 
5.2

• Mamelodi school learners√ and teachers√ and non-teaching staff√ Municipal workers√
• Mamelodi community members/people who want a quick meal/parents of the leaners√ (3) 

5.3

• Bright colours that will catch the eye√
• Big letters/font easy to read√
• Interesting pictures/photos√
• A big space or a small advert on a clean blank page√
• Neat and attractive√
• Catch potential customers attention by using words such as FREE/indicate promotions√
• All correct information is available/√ no spelling mistakes or  language errors √
• Not cluttered / not too much information√ 
• Apply art elements and principles√ 
• Include business information such as: name/contact details/ address√
• Include product information such as: price/slogan/description of  product√
• Use simple understandable language√ (Any 5) (5) 

5.4.

• Brochures, leaflets/ √
• Printed media√ OR local newspaper√
• Audio √ OR local radio station√
• Audio-visual OR TV√
• Electronic/e-mail/ online√
• Social media: Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, Sms√ 
• Product samples /promotional items√ 
• Word of mouth√ 
• Billboards√ (Any 3) (3) 

5.5

• Name of Owner/business√: Nomhle√
• Business Address√: No 63 Mamelodi Extension√
• Form of business√: Sole owner√ 
• Type of business/Business description√: lunch café or take-away√
• Operational plan/ Personnel plan√: Accountant, Chef, Sales lady√
• Product/Service description√: Bunny chows, vetkoek with mince, hotdogs and burgers√ 
• Marketing plan√: poster √ (Any 6) (6) 

5.6

• Home industries can order the bunny chows, vetkoek, hot dogs  and burgers from Nomhle√
• She can supply vendors selling from the trolley and stalls√
• Children’s birthday parties to make hot dogs and burgers√
• Delivery service of bunny chows, vetkoek, hot dogs and burgers (food) into people’s homes√
• Waiter√,maintenance√, security, √
• Purchasing vegetables from a farmer √ 
• Cleaner √ (Any other relevant 3)   (3)

5.7

• Pays staff salaries√
• Controls banking procedures√
• Oversees the auditing of funds √
• Ensures payment of VAT√
• Safeguarding of business assets √ 
• Pay debtors/monthly expenses/accounts√ 
• Keeping track of money coming in and out of business√ 
• Prepare financial reports√ 
• Drawing up budgets√
• Handle income tax/SARS√ 
• Take care of account enquiries√ (Any 3) (3) 

5.8

• Laundry√: for washing of table cloths√
• Marketing√: advertisement using poster√
• Front office√: sales lady to make contact with the customers√
• Maintenance√: to ensure stoves are in working order and plumbing  is also in working condition√
• Security√: to guard the premises √ 
• Human Resource√: hiring and firing the staff√ (Any 3 × 2) (6)  [30]

 QUESTION 6 
6.1
6.1.1 (a)

• Maître d’hôtel should investigate the problem√ 
• Control your emotions; stay calm√
• Show willingness to assist guests/ pay attention to customers√
• Apologise sincerely√
• He must not argue with the customer√
• Acknowledge the complaint and thank the guest for bringing the  matter to your attention√
• Never place the blame on yourself or on somebody else√
• He must not promise something he cannot provide√
• Keep guests updated/ inform the guest on the progress of the food/ √
• Offer alternative dishes that won’t take that long √
• Bring guests a complementary/free drink/bread rolls with the  approval of the manager √ (Any 4) (4) 

6.1.1 (b)

• Keep waiters / guests calm√
• Control your emotions and keep charge of the situation√
• Ask the customer politely but firmly to leave/lower voices√
• No more alcoholic beverage should be offered√
• Non-alcoholic drinks/coffee can be offered to the guests√
• Keep the incident as quiet as possible√
• Move the guests to a different table√
• Call maître d/ security to handle the problem√
• Apologise to the other guests for the noise √ (Any 5) (5) 

6.1.2

• Serve them a complimentary/free beverage√
• Check the guest after a while that all is well√
• Call the guest within the week to check that he/she is satisfied with how the problem was solved√
• Build and maintain a good relationship√ (Any 1) (1) 

6.1.3

• Wash in clean, hot, soapy water√
• Rinse in clean, hot water (±60ºC) √
• Air dry√
• Polish with a clean cloth√
• If water stains remain after washing, dip equipment in very hot  water and then polish with a clean, dry cloth√ 
  OR
• Ensure that clean cutlery is used√
• Study menu and lay cutlery accordingly√
• Ensure cutlery is straight/in line with the opposite cover√
• Lay cutlery 1-2 cm from the edge of a table√
• Use a dinner/entrée plate to determine the space between main  course knives and forks√
• Ensure that all covers look the same√ (Any 3) (3) 

6.2
6.2.1

• Pink/light red/ blush√
• 'Motivation: It is a rosé/skins were removed/ blend of white and red  wine√ (2)

6.2.2 6/7/8ºC√ (1)
6.2.3 Brut: Very dry√ (1) 
6.2.4 (4) 

6.2.5

• Caviar√
• Oysters√ (Any 1) (1) 

6.3

• On-consumption/on premises√
• Liquor to be consumed where it is bought and cannot be taken away, e.g.  hotels and restaurants√
• Off-consumption/off premises√
• For liquor stores who sell liquor that is consumed elsewhere √
• Day/event Liquor licences√: licenses applied for only for a specific  time/temporary √  (2 x 2) (4) 

6.4

• Informing the guests about promotions,/ dish of the day √ 
• The waiter will ask the guests if they are ready to order√
• Take the order of the customer on the right hand side of the host  first√ and work anti-clockwise√ around the table finishing with the  hosts order√
• Take the order for starters and main courses√
• Note any dietary requirements√
• Repeat the order to make sure that the order is correct√
• Transfer the order to the kitchen docket including special  requirements√
• Place the order with the kitchen√
• Record the sale for billing purposes√ (Any 4) (4)

TOTAL SECTION D: 60 
GRAND TOTAL: 200

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
PAPER 2
GRADE 12 
NSC EXAMS
PAST PAPERS AND MEMOS NOVEMBER 2018

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 

1. This question paper consists of SIX sections:
   SECTION A: Short Questions (15)
   SECTION B: System Technologies (23)
   SECTION C: Communication and Network Technologies (21)
   SECTION D: Data and Information Management (25)
   SECTION E: Solution Development (29)
   SECTION F: Integrated Scenario (37) 
2. Read ALL the questions carefully. 
3. Answer ALL the questions.
4. The mark allocation generally gives an indication of the number of  facts/reasons required. 
5. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this  question paper. 
6. Write neatly and legibly.

QUESTIONS 

SECTION A: SHORT QUESTIONS 
QUESTION 1 
1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions.  Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question  numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.5) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.1.6 D. 
1.1.1 A type of malware that is disguised as a useful program is known  as a … 

1.  virus.
2. rootkit. 
3. worm.
4. trojan horse. (1) 

1.1.2 Software that may be used for free but with a time and functionality  limit: 

1. EULA 
2. Shareware 
3. Proprietary software
4. Freeware (1)

1.1.3 Which ONE is NOT a duty of a system analyst? 

1.  Analyses the software requirements of the client
2. Collaborates with the client and the programmer to develop  a system
3. Creates a list of specifications for the software developer 
4. Writes code for the software solution (1) 

1.1.4 What will be the value of iAnswer when the following statement is  executed? 

iAnswer := 2 + 5 * 7 div 2 – sqr(4); 

1. 3 
2. 8
3. 1
4. 0 (2)

1.1.5 Which formula is represented in the segment of code below? 

for k := 2 to p do 
       begin 
               n:= n * n; 
       end; 

1. n * p
2. n^p 
3. pⁿ 
4. p^p (2)

1.2 Give ONE word/term for EACH of the following descriptions. Write only  the word/term next to the question numbers (1.2.1 to 1.2.8) in the  ANSWER BOOK. 
1.2.1 Part of the ROM where information with regard to the setup of the  computer can be saved (1) 
1.2.2 Security based on the measurement and identification of unique  physical characteristics of a person, e.g. fingerprints (1) 
1.2.3 Digital code, attached to an e-mail, used to identify and validate the  sender of an electronic message (1) 
1.2.4 Software that allows the user to perform maintenance tasks on  a computer (1) 
1.2.5 The method that is used in object-oriented programming to instantiate an object (1) 
1.2.6 The steps followed to prevent anomalies from occurring in  a database (1) 
1.2.7 A tool used to identify logical errors by working through the  program manually step by step and recording the result of each  step in a table (1)
1.2.8 Compressing data by losing some insignificant portions of the data (1)

TOTAL SECTION A: 15 

SECTION B: SYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES 
QUESTION 2 

2.1 Tablet computers will be used to place orders directly on the system in the  new restaurant. Give TWO reasons why the use of tablet computers is appropriate for this  purpose. (2) 
2.2 The mall server will store all the records. 
2.2.1 Name TWO hardware components for which the specifications will  be of a higher level in the server, as opposed to those for a  standard PC. (2) 
2.2.2 State TWO types of actions that will be performed by a disk  clean-up when clearing space on the server's hard disk drive. (2) 
2.3 Many restaurants owners are considering an upgrade of their computer  systems. 
2.3.1 State TWO important differences between standard RAM and  cache memory in a computer system. (2) 
2.3.2 What is the function of the device driver that is installed when  adding a new printer? (2) 
2.3.3 What is the purpose of the product key or activation code that is  often required when installing new software? (1) 
2.3.4 The operating system indicated that updates were available. 

1. State ONE advantage of ensuring that the operating system  is updated regularly. (1) 
2. State ONE disadvantage of allowing the operating system to  update automatically. (1) 

2.3.5 Virtual memory can enhance the performance of the computer.

1. When will virtual memory be used by the operating system? (1)
2. Explain the basic concepts of how virtual memory works. (2)

2.4 Safeguarding of the data is vital.  
2.4.1 Give ONE reason why a hard disk drive could fail. (1) 
2.4.2 Suggest ONE device that could protect data from being corrupted  during a power failure. (1) 
2.4.3 Explain the difference between making a backup and archiving  data. (3) 
2.4.4 Explain the role of a firewall as a means of data protection. (2)

TOTAL SECTION B: 23

SECTION C: COMMUNICATION AND NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES 
QUESTION 3 
3.1 Sharing resources is an important benefit of using networks.  State TWO other benefits of having a computer network in a company. (2) 
3.2 In laptop computers NICs are used to provide both Wi-Fi connection and an  Ethernet port. 
3.2.1 Explain the function of an NIC when providing network connectivity. (2)
3.2.2 What medium is used to send and receive data in a Wi-Fi network? (1) 
3.3 Communication performance in cabled and wireless networks is often  compared. 
3.3.1 Name a type of network cable that has a very low level of  attenuation of signal. (1) 
3.3.2 Explain how poor signal strength can be addressed when setting  up wireless communication networks. (2) 
3.3.3 Give TWO reasons why companies providing wireless internet  access prefer to use WiMAX instead of Wi-Fi. (2) 
3.4 Web 3.0 is often referred to as the 'Semantic Web'.  
3.4.1 Explain what is meant by the term Semantic Web. (2)
3.4.2 What is the purpose of metadata in the Semantic Web? (1)
3.5 E-mail remains a popular means of communication. 
3.5.1 Which protocol is used to download e-mail? (1) 
3.5.2 Differentiate between notifications and push technology in terms of  the way e-mail is handled on a mobile device. (2) 
3.5.3 Explain how a cloud-based service can be used to make large files  available to an e-mail recipient, without attaching the files to the  e-mail. (2)
3.5.4 Phishing is a technique often used by cyber criminals. 

1. Explain the term phishing. (2)
2. Give ONE example of phishing. (1)

TOTAL SECTION C: 21

SECTION D: DATA AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT  
QUESTION 4 

4.1 Name ONE possible role of a database in the POS system of a restaurant. (1) 
4.2 The job card below contains information about a waiter in a restaurant for a  specific week.  

4.2.1 A database with the following tblWaiter table has been designed: 

Use the information provided on the job card to suggest a suitable data type for EACH of the following fields: 

1. WaiterID (1) 
2. Permanent Appointment (1) 

4.2.2 A report with an alphabetical list of waiters, sorted according to  their surnames, is required. 
Evaluate the structure of the tblWaiter table and state the problem  that will arise when attempting to generate the report. (1)
4.2.3 A second table, tblJobCard, needs to be created to save the  remaining information on the job card. 
The table below represents a tblJobCard table for the waiters.  Redraw this table in your ANSWER BOOK.  

Use the information on the weekly job card (on the previous page)  and complete the tblJobCard table in your ANSWER BOOK as  follows: 

1. Identify and add the field name of a suitable primary key (PK).
2. List other field names that must appear in the tblJobCard table in addition to the NormalHoursWorked field.
3. Identify and add an applicable foreign key (FK). Use the  abbreviation FK in the first column. 

NOTE: 

• Each job card record must relate to a waiter. 
• Follow the rules for normalisation. (6) 

4.2.4 Draw a simple entity-relationship diagram (ERD) to show the  relationship between the tblWaiter table and tblJobCard table. (3)
4.3 The physical integrity of data is just as important as the logical integrity. 
4.3.1 Identify ONE issue that could threaten the physical integrity of data in general. (1) 
4.3.2 State TWO database design aspects that will ensure logical  integrity. (2) 
4.4 An advertisement for a database administrator for a restaurant must be placed in the local newspaper. State THREE primary responsibilities of a database administrator. (3)
4.5 State TWO benefits of having a DBMS installed on a server. (2)
4.6 A restaurant group uses a distributed database system. 
4.6.1 Suggest ONE reason why a distributed database system would  require sophisticated security when compared to a database  system stored on a single computer. (1) 
4.6.2 What is the benefit of working on a distributed database rather than on a single-server database, from a user's perspective? (1) 
4.6.3 Briefly explain how data synchronisation is done when using a  partitioning model in a distributed database. (2) 

TOTAL SECTION D: 25

SECTION E: SOLUTION DEVELOPMENT 
QUESTION 5 

5.1 Answer the questions below on general aspects and concepts related to  programming. 
5.1.1 State TWO guidelines for writing clear and readable source code. (2)
5.1.2 Define the concept of an algorithm in programming. (2)
5.1.3 Debugging is an integral part of programming. 

1. Explain what is meant by debugging a program. (2)
2.                                      
   1. What is a runtime error? (1) 
   2. Give an example of a type of error that will lead to  a runtime error. (1) 

5.1.4 Looping is a common programming structure. Compare the structure and execution of a WHILE…DO loop and  a REPEAT…UNTIL loop. (2) 
5.1.5 Identify the data types for variables X and Y when executing the  following two instructions: 

• X := 5 mod 2; 
  AND 
  Y := 5 mod 2 = 0; (2)

5.2 Bookings are saved in a text file called Bookings.txt. 

5.2.1 Explain the purpose of the following line of code: AssignFile(tFile,'Bookings.txt'); (2) 
5.2.2 State the effect of replacing Append(tFile) with  Rewrite(tFile) in the procedure above. (2) 
5.2.3 The user needs to save data to a text file.  When a button was clicked to write the data to the text file, an  Input/Output file error occurred.

Give a possible reason why the I/O error occurred. (1)
5.3 The algorithm below is used to test the validity of a pin code. 

5.3.1 Copy the trace table below into your ANSWER BOOK and  complete it to determine the output value if 623 is entered as the  pin value.  (6) 

5.3.2 Analyse the completed trace table and state what the requirement  is for the pin to be valid. (1) 
5.4 An algorithm is required to display a pattern, based on the number that was  entered indicating the number of lines to be displayed.  
Example: If the value 6 is entered, the pattern below must be displayed: 

Complete the algorithm from line 3 below to display the pattern based on any input value.  (5) 

TOTAL SECTION E: 29

SECTION F: INTEGRATED SCENARIO 
QUESTION 6 

6.1 The restaurant created an unsecured hotspot for their guests. 
6.1.1 What is a hotspot? (2)
6.1.2 Name the threat for a guest when using an unsecure hotspot. (1) 
6.1.3 The use of BitTorrent has been blocked on the network by the firewall. 

1.  What is BitTorrent? (1)
2. Give TWO reasons why the restaurant owner insists that  BitTorrent be blocked. (2) 

6.2 The hotspot in the restaurant is used by business people to connect to their company's VPN. 
6.2.1 Write out the abbreviation VPN. (1)
6.2.2 Briefly explain what a VPN is. (2)
6.3 The restaurant upgraded their website. 
6.3.1 The URL for a page on the website for this restaurant is given  below. 

http://www.mydinnersite.com/product.asp?id=12345 

1.  Is this a static or dynamic web page? Motivate your answer. (2)
2. How would the URL change to indicate that it is a mobile  site? (2) 

6.3.2 A paragraph on the home page of the website encourages users to use less power.  

1. Give TWO hints for saving power when using computing  devices. (2)
2. Suggest ONE environmentally friendly way in which the  restaurant could dispose of its old electronic equipment. (1) 

6.3.3 Name the technique that is used to ensure that the restaurant's  website is placed as high as possible on a list of search results. (1) 
6.4 Cybercrimes, such as DDoS, are common phenomena in cyberspace today. 
6.4.1 Briefly explain what a DDoS attack on the restaurant's website  might entail. 
NOTE: NO marks will be allocated for writing out the acronym. (2) 
6.4.2 Suggest TWO measures that the restaurant could implement to  prevent cybercrime. (2) 
6.5 The restaurant encourages their guests to download the Foursquare app to  their mobile devices. 

6.5.1 Explain what a connected app is. (2) 
6.5.2 Give TWO reasons why an app is more popular than conventional  web pages when using certain websites. (2) 
6.5.3

1. What type of technology makes location-based services, such as Foursquare, possible? (1)
2. State TWO benefits of a check-in service, such as  Foursquare, from a restaurant's perspective. (2)

6.6 The process of data mining of data in a data warehouse produced the graph  below of the monthly income of the restaurant. 

6.6.1 Explain the purpose of a data warehouse. (2)
6.6.2 State TWO roles that people play in the data-mining process. (2)
6.6.3 What is the purpose of data mining in this context? (2) 
6.7 An application program for a specific task is required. Both a desktop package  and an online application have the functions needed. Both packages involve  additional cost. 
6.7.1 State TWO advantages of using the online application. (2) 
6.7.2 Give ONE reason why the desktop package could be regarded as  the preferred choice. (1) 

TOTAL SECTION F: 37 
GRAND TOTAL: 150 

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
PAPER 1
GRADE 12  
NSC EXAMS
PAST PAPERS AND MEMOS NOVEMBER 2018

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 

1. This question paper is divided into THREE sections. Candidates must answer  ALL the questions in ALL THREE sections. 
2. The duration of this examination is three hours. Because of the nature of this  examination it is important to note that you will not be permitted to leave the  examination room before the end of the examination session. 
3. This question paper is set with programming terms that are specific to the  Delphi programming language. 
4. Make sure that you answer the questions according to the specifications that  are given in each question. Marks will be awarded according to the set  requirements. 
5. Answer only what is asked in each question. For example, if the question  does not ask for data validation, then no marks will be awarded for data  validation.
6. Your programs must be coded in such a way that they will work with any data  and not just the sample data supplied or any data extracts that appear in the  question paper. 
7. Routines, such as search, sort and selection, must be developed from first  principles. You may NOT use the built-in features of Delphi for any of these  routines. 
8. All data structures must be defined by you, the programmer, unless the data  structures are supplied. 
9. You must save your work regularly on the disk/CD/DVD/flash disk you have  been given, or on the disk space allocated to you for this examination  session.
10. Make sure that your examination number appears as a comment in every  program that you code, as well as on every event indicated. 
11. If required, print the programming code of all the programs/classes that you  completed. You will be given half an hour printing time after the examination  session. 
12. At the end of this examination session you must hand in a disk/CD/DVD/ flash disk with all your work saved on it OR you must make sure that all your  work has been saved on the disk space allocated to you for this examination  session. Ensure that all files can be read.
13. The files that you need to complete this question paper have been given to  you on the disk/CD/DVD/flash disk or on the disk space allocated to you. The  files are provided in the form of password-protected executable files. 

NOTE: Candidates must use the file DataENGNov2018.exe. 
Do the following: 

• Double click on the password-protected executable file. 
• Click on the extract button. 
• Enter the following password: Rest2Rant*& 

Once extracted, the following list of files will be available in the folder  DataENGNov2018: 
SUPPLIED FILES: 
Question1:  

• Question1_P.dpr 
• Question1_P.dproj 
• Question1_P.res
• Question1_U.dfm
• Question1_U.pas 

Question2: 

• ConnectDB_U.pas
• PaymentsDB.mdb
• PaymentsDBBackup.mdb
• Question2_P.dpr
• Question2_P.dproj
• Question2_P.res
• Question2_U.dfm
• Question2_U.pas 

Question3: 

• Question3_P.dpr
• Question3_P.dproj
• Question3_P.res
• Question3_U.dfm
• Question3_U.pas
• Restaurant_U.pas 

Question4: 

• Question4_P.dpr
• Question4_P.dproj
• Question4_P.res
• Question4_U.dfm
• Question4_U.pas
• Visitors.txt

QUESTIONS

SECTION A 
QUESTION 1: GENERAL PROGRAMMING SKILLS 
Do the following: 

• Open the incomplete program in the Question1 folder. 
• Enter your examination number as a comment in the first line of the  Question1_U.pas file. 
• Compile and execute the program. The user interface displays FOUR tab sheets  labelled QUESTION 1.1 to QUESTION 1.4. The program has no functionality currently.  
• Follow the instructions below to complete the code for EACH section of  QUESTION 1, as described in QUESTION 1.1 to QUESTION 1.4. 

1.1 Tab sheet [Question 1.1] 
Panel [1.1 – Display heading] 
Write code to set the properties of panel pnlQ1_1 as follows:  

• Background colour to lime 
• Font colour to red 
• Font size to 20 pt 
• Caption to 'Information Technology Paper 1' 

Example of output: 
(4) 
1.2 Tab sheet [Question 1.2] 
Button [1.2 – Volume] 
A supplier of cooldrink cans must determine the volume of a can before it is filled with liquid.  
All cans are filled with liquid, leaving a space of 1 cm from the top.

Write code to do the following: 

• Declare variables for the height and radius of the can. 
• Calculate the volume of the liquid required (according to the  specifications) to fill a can if the height and radius of the can are provided  as input from the user.
  The volume of a cylinder (can) is calculated as follows:
  • Volume = pi x radius² x height of cylinder  
• Use a dialog box to display the volume of the liquid in the can, calculated to ONE decimal place. 

Example of input and output if the height of the can is 5.4 cm and the radius  is 1.2 cm: 
(9) 

1.3 Tab sheet [Question 1.3] 
Button [1.3 – Display factors and check if it is a prime number] 
Write code to do the following: 

• Declare suitable variables. 
• Clear the rich edit component redQ1_3. 
• Generate a random integer in the range 5 to 50 (inclusive). 
• Determine and display the factors of the generated number in the rich edit  component redQ1_3. 
• If the number generated is a prime number, display the number and  a message indicating that it is a prime number. 

NOTE: 

• A factor is a number that is divisible by another number with no remainder.  
• A prime number has only two factors, namely the value of 1 and the  number itself.

Example of output if the number generated is 6: 

Example of output if the number generated is 13: 
(13) 
1.4 Tab sheet [Question 1.4] 
Button [1.4 – Enter line of instructions and display commands] 
A robot must receive a line of instructions to move out of a maze using no  more than 10 steps forward in total. The robot reacts to the characters S, R  and L, which represent the following commands: 

S: One step forward 
R: Turn right 
L: Turn left 

Example of a line of instructions: SSSRSLSLLSSR 
Code is provided that does the following: 

• Convert the line of instructions entered into capital letters and assign the  line of instructions to the variable sInstructions. 
• Clear the output area redQ1_4. 

Write code to do the following: 

• Display the line of instructions that has been entered in the output area  redQ1_4, followed by a blank line. 
• Decode the line of instructions into short descriptive commands indicating  the movements of the robot.  
• Display the descriptive commands in the rich edit component redQ1_4, as shown in the example that follows. 
• As soon as the number of forward steps exceeds the value of 10, the  message 'Number of forward steps exceeds 10' must be displayed and  none of the remaining commands contained in the line of instructions  must be decoded. 

NOTE: Your code must be able to decode any line of instructions and not  only the line of instructions shown in the examples that follow.
Example of output if SSSRSLSLLSSR was entered as the line of instructions: 

Example of output if SSSRSLSLLSSRSSSS was entered as the line of instructions: 
(14) 

TOTAL SECTION A: 40

SECTION B 
QUESTION 2: DATABASE PROGRAMMING 

The data pages attached at the end of the question paper provide information on the  design of the database and its contents. 
Do the following: 

• Open the incomplete project file called Question2_P.dpr in the Question2 folder.
• Enter your examination number as a comment in the first line of the  Question2_U.pas unit file. 
• Compile and execute the program. The program has no functionality currently.  The following user interface is displayed: 
  
• Follow the instructions that follow to complete the code for each section, as  described in QUESTION 2.1 and QUESTION 2.2. 
• Use SQL code to answer QUESTION 2.1 and Delphi code to answer  QUESTION 2.2. 

NOTE: 

• The [Restore database] button is provided to restore the data contained in the  database to the original content. If you need to test your code on the original data,  you may click this button to restore the data. 
• The content of the database is password protected. Therefore you will not be able  to gain access to the content of the database with Microsoft Access. 
• Do NOT change any of the code provided.  
• Code is provided to link the GUI components to the database.  
• TWO variables are declared as public variables, as described in the table below. 

2.1 Tab sheet [Question 2.1 – SQL] 
In this section you may use ONLY SQL statements to answer QUESTION 2.1.1 to QUESTION 2.1.5. 
Code to execute the SQL statements and display the results of the queries is  provided. The SQL statements are incomplete.  
The following user interface is displayed:

Do the following to complete the incomplete SQL statements assigned to the  variables sSQL1, sSQL2, sSQL3, sSQL4 and sSQL5 per question  respectively: 
2.1.1 Button [2.1.1 – Alphabetical list] 
Display ALL details of employees in the tblEmployees table, sorted alphabetically according to the surname field. 
Example of output of the first four records: 
(3) 
2.1.2 Button [2.1.2 – Number of children of permanent employees] 
Display the surname, first name and number of children of all the permanent employees with more than three children.  
Example of output of the first four records: 
(5)
2.1.3 Button [2.1.3 – Employees paid on selected date] (5) 
Display the payment number and ID number of all the employees  who were paid on 2017/01/17.  
Example of output: 
(6) 
2.1.4 Button [2.1.4 – Delete payment] 
Delete the record with the payment number 110 from the  tblPayments table. 
Code has been provided to display a message to indicate that the  content of the database was changed. (3)
2.1.5 Button [2.1.5 – Total net salaries per month] 
The net salary of an employee is calculated by subtracting the  deductions from the gross salary. 
Calculate and display the total amount that the restaurant has paid  towards net salaries per month. Display the month using the field  name MonthNum and display the calculated amount using the field name TotalAmountPaid. Format the amount as currency. 
Example of output for the first three months if the original data was  used:  
(8) 
2.2 Tab sheet [Question 2.2 – Delphi code] 
In this section only Delphi programming code may be used to answer  QUESTION 2.2.1 to QUESTION 2.2.3. 
NO marks will be awarded for SQL statements in QUESTION 2.2. 
The user interface for QUESTION 2.2 is shown below. 

2.2.1 Button [2.2.1 – Temporary employees] 
Write code to display the surname, first name and number of  children of all temporary employees from the tblEmployees table in the rich edit component redQ2. 
NOTE: Code for headings and columns are provided.
Example of output for first four records: 
(6) 
2.2.2 Button [2.2.2 – Add an employee] 
Write code to add a record to the tblEmployees table. The data of  the employee to be added is provided below. 

Surname: Zwelini 
First name: Lungile 
ID number: 7601050179081 
Permanent: Yes 
Children: 3 

Example of the last few records in the tblEmployees table after  adding the record for Lungile: 
(5) 
2.2.3 Button [2.2.3 – Update deductions] 
The deductions amount for a specific payment was captured  incorrectly. The user must select a record from the DBGrid  dbgPayments. 
Write code to update the deductions field of the record that has been selected by increasing the deductions amount by 1% of the  gross salary.  
Example of content of record if payment number 112 was selected: 

Example of updated content of record with payment number 112: 
(4) 

• Ensure that your examination number has been entered as a comment in  the first line of the program file. 
• Save your program. 
• Print the code if required.

TOTAL SECTION B: 40

SECTION C 
QUESTION 3: OBJECT-ORIENTATED PROGRAMMING 

Do the following: 

• Open the incomplete program in the Question3 folder. 
• Open the incomplete object class Restaurant_U.pas. 
• Enter your examination number as a comment in the first line of both the  Question3_U.pas file and the Restaurant_U.pas file. 
• Compile and execute the program. The program has no functionality currently.

The following user interface is displayed: 

• Complete the code as specified in QUESTION 3.1 for the Restaurant_U object  class and in QUESTION 3.2 for the Question3_U form class. 

3.1 The incomplete object class (TRestaurant) provided contains the following: 

• Declarations of three attributes that define a Restaurant object 
• A completed toString method 

The attributes for the Restaurant object have been declared as follows:

3.1.1 Write code for a constructor method that will receive the name of  the restaurant, the year the restaurant opened and the number of  employees as parameter values. Assign these values to the  respective attributes. (5) 
3.1.2 Write code for a method called getNumEmployees that will return  the number of employees. (2) 
3.1.3 Write code for a method called increaseNumEmployees to  receive an integer value as a parameter. The number of employees  must be increased by the value received as a parameter. (3) 
3.1.4 Write code for a method called compileCode that receives the full  name of the owner as a parameter and compiles and returns an identification code in the following format: 

where: 

• % represents the first letter of the name of the restaurant
• $ represents the last two letters of the full name of the owner
• YYYY represents the year the restaurant opened 

Example of an identification code for the following input values: 
Restaurant name: Simply Fabulous Food 
Year opened: 2018 
Owner's full name: Pieter van Wyk 
Identification code: Syk2018 (7) 
3.2 The incomplete unit Question3_U provided contains code for the object class  to be accessible and an object variable objRestaurant. 
Follow the instructions below to code the solution. 
3.2.1 Button [3.2.1 – Instantiate and display object] 
The user must enter the name of the restaurant, the year the  restaurant opened and the number of employees using the  components provided.  
The following input data has been provided to test the program: 
Restaurant name: Simply Fabulous Food 
Year opened: 2018 
Number of employees: 25
Write code to do the following: 

• Use the data that has been entered to instantiate a restaurant  object.  
• Use the toString method to display the details of the object in  the rich edit component redQ3. (8) 

3.2.2 Button [3.2.2 – Identification code] 
The user must enter the full name of the owner in the edit box  provided for input. 
Write code to do the following: 

• Call the compileCode method using the full name of the owner  as an argument.  
• Display the compiled identification code in the edit box  edtIDCode. 

Example of output if the test data, provided as input values in  QUESTION 3.2.1, was used and Pieter van Wyk was used as the  full name of the owner: 
(3) 
3.2.3 Button [3.2.3 – Add employees] 
The user must enter the number of employees to be added to the  edit box edtAdd. 
Code has been provided to declare a constant variable called iMaxEmployees that represents the maximum number of  employees at the restaurant and set its value to 40. 
Write code to do the following: 

• Extract the number of employees entered from the edit box. 
• Determine if the extracted number of employees can be added  without exceeding the maximum number of employees at the  restaurant.  
• If the number of employees can be added:
  • Call the relevant method to increase the number of  employees.
  • Display the total number of employees in the  edtUpdated edit box.
• If the number of employees entered cannot be added (exceeds  the maximum number of employees), display a suitable  message in the edtUpdated edit box.

Example of output for the test data used in QUESTION 3.2.1 and the value 4 is now entered for the employees to be added: 

Example of output for the test data used in QUESTION 3.2.1 and the value 20 is now entered for the employees to be added: 
(10) 

TOTAL SECTION C: 38

SECTION D 
QUESTION 4: PROBLEM-SOLVING PROGRAMMING 

Do the following: 

• Open the incomplete program in the Question4 folder. 
• Enter your examination number as a comment in the first line of the  Question4_U.pas file. 
• Compile and execute the program. The program has no functionality currently. 

The following user interface is displayed: 

The program contains the code shown below for the declaration of three arrays called arrDays, arrTempCustomers and arrCustomers. 

• arrDays is a constant array that contains abbreviations of the seven days of  the week.  
• arrTempCustomers is a constant array that must ONLY be used to answer  QUESTION 4.2 if your code to populate arrCustomers in QUESTION 4.1 was  NOT successful. 
• arrCustomers is declared with a maximum size of 31 elements.  

A text file called Visitors.txt is provided and contains 365 lines of data  representing the number of customers who visited the restaurant from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2017. Each line of data contains a date (day-month), a hash  character (#) and a number indicating the number of customers who visited the  restaurant on that date. The data is saved in the following format: 

Example of lines of data in the text file: 

Explanation of the first two lines of data in the Visitors.txt text file: 
On 1 January 177 customers visited the restaurant.  
On 2 January 96 customers visited the restaurant. 
NOTE: 

• Do NOT change the code provided. 
• Apply good programming techniques and modular design in your solution.

Complete the code as described in QUESTION 4.1 and QUESTION 4.2 below.
4.1 Button [4.1 – Populate customer array] 
The user must select a month from the cmbMonths combo box.  
Use the text file Visitors.txt to populate the arrCustomers array with the  data of the selected month.  
Example of the content in the array if May was selected: 

A message must be displayed to indicate that the array has been populated  successfully. (14)
4.2 Button [4.2 – Display] 
Use the cmbDays combo box to select a day of the week as the first day of  the month. 
Use the selected day and the populated array from QUESTION 4.1 and write  code to display a calendar, as shown below.  
The number of customers who visited the restaurant each day must be  displayed in brackets. 
Example of output if Friday has been selected as the first day of May: 

NOTE: Code to display the heading and subheadings has been provided. 
Example of output if Wednesday has been selected as the first day of  February: 
(18) 

TOTAL SECTION D: 32
GRAND TOTAL: 150

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY P1 
QUESTION 2: DATABASE INFORMATION  
DESIGN OF DATABASE TABLES:  
Table: tblEmployees 
This table contains the personal information of the employees working at the  restaurant. 

Example of data of the first ten records: 

Table: tblPayments 
This table contains the records of all the payments made to employees during the past  year (2017).

Example of data of the first ten records: 

The following one-to-many relationship with referential integrity exists between the two  tables in the database:

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
PAPER 1
GRADE 12 
NSC EXAMS
PAST PAPERS AND MEMOS NOVEMBER 2018

GENERAL INFORMATION: 

• These marking guidelines must be used as the basis for the marking session.  They were prepared for use by markers. All markers are required to attend a  rigorous standardisation meeting to ensure that the guidelines are consistently  interpreted and applied in the marking of candidates' work. 
• Note that learners who provide an alternate correct solution to that given as  example of a solution in the marking guidelines will be given full credit for the  relevant solution, unless the specific instructions in the question paper were not  followed or the requirements of the question were not met.
• Annexures A, B, C and D (pages 3–9) include the marking grid for each  question and a table for a summary of the learner's marks. 
•  Annexures E, F, G and H (pages 10–23) contain examples of a programming  solution for QUESTION 1 to QUESTION 4 in programming code. 
• Copies of Annexures A, B, C, D and the summary of learner's marks (pages  3–9) should be made for each learner and completed during the marking session.

MEMORANDUM 

ANNEXURE A  
SECTION A 
QUESTION 1: MARKING GRID – GENERAL PROGRAMMING SKILLS 

ANNEXURE B  
SECTION B 
QUESTION 2: MARKING GRID - DATABASE PROGRAMMING

QUESTION 2: MARKING GRID – CONTINUE

ANNEXURE C 
SECTION C 
QUESTION 3: MARKING GRID – OBJECT-ORIENTATED PROGRAMMING

QUESTION 3: MARKING GRID – CONTINUE

ANNEXURE D 
SECTION D 
QUESTION 4: MARKING GRID – PROBLEM-SOLVING

SUMMARY OF LEARNER'S MARKS:

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
PAPER 2
GRADE 12 
NSC EXAMS
PAST PAPERS AND MEMOS NOVEMBER 2018

MEMORANDUM 

SECTION A: SHORT QUESTIONS 
QUESTION 1 
1.1
1.1.1 D ✔ (1)
1.1.2 B ✔ (1)
1.1.3 D ✔ (1)
1.1.4 A ✔✔ (2)
1.1.5 Faulty question – no possible answer 
1.2
1.2.1 CMOS ✔ (Also accept: BIOS, Firmware) (1) 
1.2.2 Biometrics/Bio authentication/Any specific correct example such  as Voice recognition, Face/Iris/Fingerprint-scanning ✔ 
Do not accept: Digital fingerprint, only fingerprint/face/iris (1)
1.2.3 Digital signature ✔ (1)
1.2.4 Utility ✔ software (1)
1.2.5 Constructor ✔ (1)
1.2.6 Normalisation ✔ (1)
1.2.7 Trace table ✔ 
Also accept: watch facility of the built-in debugger, debugger (1)
1.2.8 Lossy ✔ compression (1) TOTAL SECTION A: 13

SECTION B: SYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES 
QUESTION 2 
2.1 Any TWO ✔✔ 

• Portable/could walk around to the tables and take orders
• Small in size/easy to fit into hand 
• No cabling/Wireless/Can link to system using Wi-Fi
• Touch screens make selecting options quick/easy to use 
• Saves time/quicker order taking/billing 

There must be a reference to a feature of a tablet relating to placing orders
Do not accept: any reference to cost/cheaper 
Do not accept: general answer applicable to any device 
Do not accept: answers related to the software/GUI (2)
2.2
2.2.1 Any TWO hardware components ✔✔ 

• CPU/Processor
• Hard drive/storage 
• Memory/RAM
• Motherboard (2)

2.2.2 Any TWO actions for disk cleanup ✔✔ 

• Deletes the temporary internet files 
• Empties the recycle bin 
• Deletes any other temporary files 
• Deletes downloaded files
• Debug dump files 
• Delete setup log files 
• Delete system error memory dump files 
• Delete unused/unnecessary/unwanted files (2)

2.3
2.3.1 Any TWO comparisons between cache and RAM+ ✔✔ 

• Cache is faster than RAM
• Cache has smaller capacity than RAM 
• Cache stores recently used instructions/has a pre-fetch unit while RAM stores the whole program 
• Cache found on CPU and RAM on motherboard 
• Cache is more expensive per MB than RAM 
• Cache is SRAM/static and RAM is DRAM/dynamic 
• It is easier to upgrade RAM (2)

2.3.2

• The device driver facilitates communication ✔ between the  computer and the printer/hardware ✔
  OR
• The device driver allows the operating system/computer to  communicate/control/manage the hardware/printer
  OR
• The device driver converts the basic instructions of the operating  system/computer to messages that can be interpreted by the  hardware component. 

Concepts: 

•  Communication/converting instructions 
• Hardware/printer (2) 

2.3.3

• To license the use of the software/prevent illegal copies of  software from being used ✔
  OR
• Make all/licensed features of the software available (1)

2.3.4 (a) Any ONE advantage of installing updates: ✔ 

•  Always have latest functions/features 
• Bugs and problems are resolved 
• Security loopholes are fixed 
• Increase performance/work faster (1)

2.3.4 (b) Any ONE disadvantage of installing updates automatically: ✔ 

•  Unexpected/unplanned use of data 
• A hastily released update may cause more problems than it  fixes/lose existing/familiar/pre-set features 
• Unwanted features/preferences 
• Slows system down (due to background processes) 
• Unwanted restart/inconvenient timing of update (1)

2.3.5 (a) When RAM fills up/is full✔ (1) 
2.3.5 (b) The operating system makes use of hard drive space ✔ as extra  RAM ✔ 
OR 

• Uses (dedicated) area on HDD/storage 
• Moves unused data to HDD/virtual memory where it will easily  be accessible again (2)

2.4
2.4.1 Any ONE: ✔ 

•  Physical damage 
•  Power surge  

Also accept examples of physical damage such as dropping a PC can cause a hard drive head crash while transporting/Spilling  water on motherboard or HDD with PC case open 
Do not accept: Any example or mention of data being damaged (1)
2.4.2 UPS/Invertor ✔ (1) 
2.4.3 Backup: 

• A duplicate copy ✔ of a file is created on another device/for use  when the original copy is damaged or lost ✔
• Archiving: ✔
• Less frequently used/outdated/older files (can be compressed) and stored where they can be retrieved when necessary (3) 

2.4.4 Monitors communication with computer/system and the  internet/other networks✔ and blocks unauthorised communication✔ by software/malware (2)

TOTAL SECTION B: 23

SECTION C: COMMUNICATION AND NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES
QUESTION 3 
3.1 Any TWO advantages of networks ✔✔ 

• Fast and efficient communication 
• Centralisation of data/data always up to date 
• Transfer of files between devices 
• Leisure/LAN computing games/Watching movies 
• Increased control and security (2) 

3.2
3.2.1 An NIC is used to encode or 'convert' the data so that the data can  be transmitted over a specific medium and it decodes the data that  is received. 
Concepts: 

•  Decode/Encode ✔ 
• Making communication between devices possible ✔ over a  network (2)

3.2.2 Radio waves ✔ (1)
3.3
3.3.1 Fibre Optic cables ✔ (1) 
3.3.2 A reason and explanation for addressing poor signal strength: ✔✔ A device/technique with a valid explanation 
Also accept : Any TWO of the following- 

• Provide sufficient/multiple access points 
• Interference by structures should be limited by strategically  placing access points/line of sight
• Use a repeater/booster/amplifier/device/router to increase  signal strength/WiMax
• Limit the noise by making use of different frequencies (2)

3.3.3 Any TWO reasons for using WiMax: ✔✔ 

• Greater range 
• Faster/faster communication 
• Provides higher bandwidth/data transfer
• Better security (2)

3.4
3.4.1 The Semantic Web refers to a web where the content has been  optimised for computers and devices to filter content intelligently to  be able to navigate without human intervention or involvement. 
Concepts: Any TWO for Semantic web ✔✔ 

• Content optimised 
• Filter content intelligently 
• Without human involvement (2)

3.4.2 Any ONE reason for using metadata: ✔ 

• To supply additional data on which specific searches are done.
• Searching is optimised 
• Improved results 

Accept any explanation that metadata is used to improve results on  specific searches. (1)
3.5
3.5.1 POP3 ✔ (1) 
3.5.2

• Notification – The user is notified ✔ by a sound or message that a  new e-mail has arrived 
• Push Technology – The user receives the e-mail ✔/is notified and  the e-mail is automatically downloaded to the device (2)

3.5.3 A link/folder ✔ is shared ✔ with another user. 
Concepts for making large files available: 

• Folder/Link provided
• Storage shared (2) 

3.5.4 (a) Phishing is a technique to obtain personal/sensitive information ✔ from a user that appears to be from a legitimate institution in order  to trick the user into providing information. ✔ 
Concepts of phishing: 

• provide information about self
• Appears to be legitimate/tricking you (2)

3.5.4 (b) Any ONE example of phishing: ✔ 

• Request to confirm bank details
• Request to provide pin number for bank cards 
• Request to confirm user name and provide password 
• Request personal information (1)

TOTAL SECTION C: 21 

SECTION D: DATA AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT 
QUESTION 4 
4.1 Any ONE example of the role of a database in a POS ✔ 

• When a transaction takes place, the database is updated to increase or  reduce the stock items/items available/Relevant data obtained at POS is  stored for the restaurant
• Customers details are updated as they pay for meals 
• Accounting information is updated as customers pay 
• Obtain the (latest) item information/prices from the database 
• Can do calculations/generate statistics
  OR
  Any other valid example to do with data in a sales environment (1)

4.2
4.2.1(a) Any ONE ✔ 

• String
• Text (1)

4.2.1(b) Any ONE ✔ 

• Boolean
• YesNo
• True/False (1)

4.2.2 The table will be sorted according to initial and not surname. ✔ OR The waiter's initial and surname are captured in one field/Initials  captured as the first section of the initial and surname field. (1) 
4.2.3 

(b) ✔ TotalHours is NOT included 
(c) ✔ FK correctly identified 
NOTE: 

• The field names may differ from those in the above table (6)

4.2.4 One Waiter has many Job cards  

Mark allocation 

• ✔ Correct ER diagram format
• ✔ One (Waiter) to many (Job_Card) relationship
• ✔ Placing entities in correct relationship/order (3)

4.3
4.3.1 Any ONE issue that threatens physical integrity ✔ 

• Power failure
• Natural disasters 
• Mechanical failure of hardware 
• Theft of devices (1)

4.3.2 Any TWO aspects to ensure logical integrity: ✔✔ 

• Data validation/validation rules
• Each record has a unique primary key
• Normalisation rules applied 
• Ensuring referential integrity/Foreign key must refer to an  existing record in the other table
• Verification of data (2)

4.4 Any THREE responsibilities of a database administrator: ✔✔✔ 

• Design the database
• Security of the database/access rights
• Backup and restoration plans and policies/updating software 
• Monitoring the performance of the database
• Manage/maintain the database. (3)

4.5 TWO benefits of having a server DBMS: 
Managing simultaneous multiple connections to the database to execute the  transactions/It will allow a large number of users to connect simultaneously to  a database 
Concepts: 

• Multiple connections/users✔ 
• Simultaneous access✔ (2) 

4.6
4.6.1 Any ONE reason for security: ✔ 

• Data is transmitted across networks 
• Multiple servers are used/Many systems are used 
• Create security exposure on multiple fronts/many users (1)

4.6.2 Any ONE benefit of working with a distributed database: ✔ 

• Faster performance /less congestion 
• Less downtime 
•  If connection is interrupted, database is not damaged/corrupted (1) 

4.6.3 Partitioning: 
Each site manages its own part of the database ✔ and uploads  data to a central database in a scheduled batch process. ✔ 
Concepts: 

• Local data
• Uploaded to central database (2)

TOTAL SECTION D: 25

SECTION E: SOLUTION DEVELOPMENT 
QUESTION 5 
5.1
5.1.1 Any TWO guidelines for readable code: ✔✔ 

• Commenting of code 
• Descriptive variable names 
• Modularity 
• Indentation 
• Open lines between sections 
• Collapsible regions (2) 

5.1.2 An algorithm is a possible solution to a problem ✔ which contains a  set of steps/instructions ✔ 
Concepts: 

• Set of steps/instructions
• To perform a task/solve problem (2) 

5.1.3 

1. Debugging is the technique/process of finding ✔ and resolving ✔ defects/problems/errors/bugs. (2)
2. A runtime error is an error that causes termination or break in the  running of a program. ✔
   Do not accept: Prevents from running (1)
3. Any ONE example of runtime error: ✔
   • Division by 0 
   • Data type mismatch/typing in a word instead of a number
   • Reference to an index in an array that is not part of the  declaration 
   • Attempting to access a resource/file that is not available. Also accept other valid examples. (1) 

5.1.4  (2) 

5.1.5

• Statement 1: variable X := 5 mod 2; Integer/Real/Any number type ✔
• Statement 2: variable Y := 5 mod 2 = 0; Boolean ✔ (2) 

5.2
5.2.1 Creates a link between the external/physical/textfile file ✔and file variable/logical file ✔ in the program (2) 
5.2.2 Any ONE reason for replacing append with rewrite ✔✔ 

• The file will be emptied/ the contents will be removed
  OR
• Rewrite statement will replace/overwrite the current contents of  the text file with Mrs Smith. 

Do not accept: create a new file (2)
5.2.3 Any ONE reason for I/O Error: ✔ 

• The file was not closed in during a previous procedure/The file  buffer was not cleared/The file is corrupt
• The file was not correctly assigned
• Append or rewrite was not used to open the file/Reset was used  to open the file 
• Writeln-statement does not refer to the text file (example: writeln(sline)) 
• The executable file is not in the same directory/folder as the text  file 
•  The file was closed (1) 

5.3
5.3.1 

(12/2 = 6) 
5.3.2 Any ONE of: ✔ 

•  c = 5
• The user must enter a pin number which contains 5 digits. (1)

5.4 Marking Concepts: 

• 1 mark – Inner loop
• 1 mark – Loop to correct counter
• 1 mark – Formulate a display
• 1 mark – Display in correct position
• 1 mark – Reset display variable/ move to next line 

Concepts: 

• 1 mark – Clear output variable in correct position
• 1 mark – Inner loop correct position
• 1 mark – Inner loop (counter2) from 1 to outer loop counter
• 1 mark – Add inner loop counter to output string
• 1 mark – Display output string outside inner loop, inside outer loop 

ALTERNATE SOLUTION 

Accept any other valid algorithm (5)

TOTAL SECTION E: 29

SECTION F: INTEGRATED SCENARIO 
QUESTION 6 
6.1
6.1.1 An area where wireless/Wi-Fi/ Internet✔access is  available/connected/shared ✔ (2) 
6.1.2

• Un-encrypted data/files that are sent can be intercepted ✔
  OR
• Any other acceptable example of personal information being  exposed/hacking/threat of malware/viruses (1) 

6.1.3

1. A peer-to-peer protocol/network ✔for downloading files from the  internet
   OR
   A file sharing software (1)

6.1.3(b) Any TWO reasons to block BitTorrent ✔✔ 

• Security issues
• To prevent piracy of software
• Data use/Data cap 
• Congestion/Slow down performance of network (2)

6.2
6.2.1 Virtual Private Network ✔ (1) 
6.2.2 Allows users to log into a network via the internet with the same  security of a LAN.  
Concepts: Any TWO ✔✔ 

• Log in via Internet
• Remotely
• Secured network/connection (2)

6.3
6.3.1 (a) Dynamic page ✔ 
Any ONE motivation: ✔ 

•  Additional parameters are included that provide information to  the software on the server in order to generate a dynamic  page.
• ASP (Active Server Pages) are dynamic in nature. (2)

6.3.1 (b) Any ONE for a mobi website ✔✔ 

• Ends with .mobi 
  OR 
• M prefix (2)

6.3.2 (a) Any TWO hints to use less power ✔✔ 

• Turn off devices when not in use
• Change screen settings to dim 
• Use automatic app that puts apps to sleep 
• Close unnecessary apps 
• Turn off Wi-Fi when not in use
• Turn off Bluetooth/GPS when not in use (2)

6.3.2 (b) Any ONE way to reduce impact on environment ✔ 

• Send old equipment to e-cycler/for recycling 
• Donate useful equipment to others 
• Re-use parts, that is still usable, in other computers (1)

6.3.3 SEO/Search (engine) optimisation ✔ (1)
6.4
6.4.1 DDoS: 

• Many bot computers are used to bombard the servers hosting the  restaurants website with a large number of requests ✔ , the servers  are over loaded and cannot respond so the website becomes  unavailable ✔ 

Concepts: 

• High number of requests/overloaded with requests
• Website becomes unavailable (2)

6.4.2 Any TWO measures to prevent cybercrime ✔✔ 

• Install and update anti-virus software
• Use a firewall 
• Use a strong password 
• Make sure software is updated regularly
• Be aware of trends in cybercrime/Training of staff to be vigilant 
• Not answering to phishing mail 
• Make use of encryption 
• Human verification/Captcha (2)

6.5
6.5.1 The app is connected to the Internet. ✔ 
The front end of the app is installed on the device, and the data is accessible/stored in the cloud/web server. ✔ (2)
6.5.2 Any TWO reasons for the popularity of apps: ✔✔ 

• Interface is easier to navigate 
• Has a dedicated purpose 
• Apps knows where to find data/do not have to enter URL's 
•  All the interface data already installed on your device/ speeds up responsiveness/use less data
• Can fetch data in the background
• Give notifications 
• Can work with syncing device/online storage
• Can use additional sensors like GPS (2)

6.5.3(a) GPS ✔ (1)
6.5.3(b) Any TWO benefits of a check-in service: ✔✔ 

• Users will know if friends visit restaurant and can join them 
• Profiling of customers 
• Advertising specific deals/Marketing strategy 
• When some-one is near restaurant invite them 
• Easily reached for online orders 
• Invisible data capture 
• Feedback from customers (2) 

6.6
6.6.1 The purpose of a data warehouse is to provide storage for large  amounts of data ✔ and tools to access the data ✔ for data mining  purposes.  
Concepts: 

• Large amount of data stored 
• Using the data (2)

6.6.2 Any TWO roles played by people in data-mining process ✔✔ 

•  Select/gather/prepare data sets
• Interpret/reporting 
• Verify data mining results 
• Develop data mining software/algorithms 

Also accept: specific examples (2)
6.6.3 To identify hidden trends that can be used to make management  decisions for example purchasing more stock for the months with  high customer volumes. 
Concepts: 

• Identifying trends/patterns ✔ 
• Using information in a practical way in the restaurant context ✔ 

Also accept: Valid examples and explanation of the use of the  data in the restaurant context (2)
6.7
6.7.1 Any TWO advantages for using an online application ✔✔ 

•  Don’t need local powerful resources/processing done  elsewhere 
• Is not installed on system/saves hard disk space 
• Always the latest version available/automatically updated 
• Run in the browser 
• Can be used on any device 
• Can be used from anywhere where there is Internet access 
• Automatic online backup of data
• Do not accept: Functionality or Cost. (2)

6.7.2 Do not need internet access ✔ to use the software. (1) 

TOTAL SECTION F: 37 
GRAND TOTAL: 150

LIFE SCIENCES
PAPER 2
GRADE 12 
NSC EXAMS
PAST PAPERS AND MEMOS NOVEMBER 2018

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 
Read the following instructions carefully before answering the questions. 

1. Answer ALL the questions. 
2. Write ALL the answers in the ANSWER BOOK.
3. Start the answers to EACH question at the top of a NEW page. 
4. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this  question paper.
5. Present your answers according to the instructions of each question.
6. Do ALL drawings in pencil and label them in blue or black ink.
7. Draw diagrams, tables or flow charts only when asked to do so.
8. The diagrams in this question paper are NOT necessarily drawn to scale.
9. Do NOT use graph paper.
10. You must use a non-programmable calculator, protractor and a compass,  where necessary.
11. Write neatly and legibly.

QUESTIONS 

SECTION A 
QUESTION 1 
1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions.  Choose the answer and write only the letter (A to D) next to the question  numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.9) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.1.10 D. 
1.1.1 What is the scientific name of the fossil, Mrs Ples? 

1. Homo erectus
2. Homo habilis
3. Australopithecus africanus
4. Australopithecus afarensis 

1.1.2 Which ONE of the following is a structural feature of a bipedal  organism? 

1. Long, narrow pelvis 
2. Short, wide pelvis
3. C-shaped vertebral column
4. Longer arms 

1.1.3 A mother has blood group B and a father has blood group O. They have three biological children and an adopted child. The blood  groups of all the children are represented in the table below. 

Which child is adopted? 

1. Nobuhle
2. William
3. Milly
4. Patrick

QUESTIONS 1.1.4 AND 1.1.5 ARE BASED ON THE TIMELINE BELOW  SHOWING THE POSSIBLE EVOLUTION OF SOME HOMINIDS. 

1.1.4 Which species inhabited the Earth for the longest period of time? 

1. Australopithecus afarensis
2. Homo erectus
3. Homo habilis
4. Homo sapiens 

1.1.5 How many years ago did the genus Homo first appear? 

1. 2,2 mya
2. 2,0 mya
3. 1,6 mya
4. 0,2 mya 

1.1.6 The list below describes some evolutionary events.  

1. Each population undergoes natural selection differently and  independently.
2. There is no gene flow between the two populations.
3. A population becomes separated.
4. A geographical barrier forms.
5. The two populations become different phenotypically and  genotypically. 

Which ONE of the following combinations gives the CORRECT  sequence of these events? 

1. (v) ? (iii) ? (ii) ? (i) ? (iv)
2. (iv) ? (v) ? (ii) ? (i) ?(iii)
3. (iv) ? (iii) ? (ii )? (i) ? (v)
4. (ii) ? (iii) ? (iv) ? (i) ? (v) 

1.1.7 The diagram below shows the fertility of the offspring produced  when three populations of mice, X, Y and Z, interbreed. 

Which ONE of the following statements is CORRECT? 

1. All three populations are of the same species. 
2. Populations X and Z are of the same species, but populations  X and Y are different species.
3. Populations Y and Z are different species, but populations X and Y are of the same species.
4. Populations X and Y are different species, but populations Y and Z are of the same species. 

QUESTIONS 1.1.8 AND 1.1.9 ARE BASED ON THE INFORMATION BELOW. 

1.1.8 What is the possible genotype for a black rabbit with narrow ears? 

1. BbEe
2. bbee
3. BBEe
4. Bbee 

1.1.9 What is the possible genotype of gametes produced by a white  rabbit with narrow ears? 

1. bbee 
2. be
3. BE, Be, bE and be
4. bE and be (9 x 2) (18) 

1.2 Give the correct biological term for each of the following descriptions.  Write only the term next to the question numbers (1.2.1 to 1.2.9) in the  ANSWER BOOK. 
1.2.1 The bonds between nitrogenous bases in a DNA molecule
1.2.2  All the genes that make up an organism 
1.2.3 The type of evidence for human evolution that includes tool-making
1.2.4 The process whereby new species are formed  
1.2.5 An inherited disorder where blood fails to clot properly 
1.2.6 The opening in the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes 
1.2.7 Two or more alternative forms of a gene at the same locus 
1.2.8 The type of variation in a population with no intermediate  phenotypes 
1.2.9 Chromosomes involved in sex determination (9 x 1) (9) 
1.3 Indicate whether each of the statements in COLUMN I applies to A ONLY,  B ONLY, BOTH A AND B or NONE of the items in COLUMN II. Write A only,  B only, both A and B or none next to the question numbers (1.3.1 to 1.3.3)  in the ANSWER BOOK. 

(3 x 2) (6)
1.4 The diagram below shows the structure of a chromosome. 

1.4.1 Identify parts D and E. (2) 
1.4.2 How many pairs of chromosomes are found in a normal human  somatic cell? (1) 
1.4.3 Give only the LETTER of the part that:  

1. Attaches to the spindle fibres during cell division  (1) 
2. Represents a gene   (1) 

1.4.4 Name: 

1. TWO organelles in an animal cell where DNA is found  (2)
2. The natural shape of a DNA molecule (1) 
3. The process whereby DNA makes an identical copy of itself  (1) (9) 

1.5 Read the extract below. 

Study the diagram below, which illustrates the possible evolutionary  relationships among the four phyla, represented by the letters M, N, O and P. 

1.5.1 Name the type of diagram illustrated. (1) 
1.5.2 What structural feature of trilobites, described in the extract,  improved the chances of fossilisation? (1) 
1.5.3 Give only the LETTER of the most recent common ancestor for  phyla: 

1. M and O  (1) 
2. M, N, O and P (1) 

1.5.4 Which of the extinct arthropods (trilobites, helmetids, tegopeltids or  naraoids) are represented by phylum: 

1. M (1) 
2. N (1) 
3. O (1) 
4. P (1) (8) 

TOTAL SECTION A: 50 

SECTION B 
QUESTION 2 
2.1 The diagrams below represent the distribution of chromosome pair 21 as it appears in gametes at the end of meiosis II in a human male. 

2.1.1 Explain why the gametes represented by diagrams C and D do not  have any chromosomes. (3) 
2.1.2 If gamete A is involved in fertilisation, describe how this may result  in Down syndrome.  (3) 
2.1.3 Due to the process of crossing over, the chromosomes in diagrams  A and B appear different to each other. 

1. Identify the phase of meiosis during which crossing over  occurs. (1) 
2. Describe the events during crossing over. (3) 
3. Explain the significance of crossing over in natural selection. (3) (13) 

2.2 Severe combined immune deficiency syndrome (SCID) is a disorder affecting  the immune system. It is caused by a sex-linked recessive allele (Xd).  
The diagram below shows the inheritance of the disorder in a family. It is not  known if individual 1 has the disorder or not.  

2.2.1 Give the: 

1. Phenotype of individual 2  (1) 
2. Phenotype of individual 1  (1) 
3. Genotype of individual 3  (2) 

2.2.2 Explain how individual 5 inherited the disorder. (2) (6) 
2.3 Read the extract below. 

2.3.1 According to the extract, state ONE: 

1. Advantage of cloning  (1) 
2. Disadvantage of cloning   (1) 

2.3.2 State why the donor cell was taken from LMJC 865 and not from any other cow. (1) 
2.3.3 State why an ear cell was used and not an ovum.  (2) 
2.3.4 Briefly describe the process of cloning.  (4) (9)|
2.4 Flower colour (purple or white) in a particular plant species is controlled by  two alleles, D and d. 
Four crosses were carried out to determine which allele is dominant.  Forty (40) offspring were produced in each cross. The phenotypes of the  parents and offspring in each cross were recorded. 
The results are shown in the table below. 

2.4.1 State the dominant flower colour.   (1) 
2.4.2 Use cross 1 to explain your answer to QUESTION 2.4.1.  (2)  
2.4.3 State Mendel's Law of Segregation.  (3) 
2.4.4 Use a genetic cross to show how the crossing of two purple  flowering plants can produce white offspring, as in cross 2.  (6)  (12)  [40] 

QUESTION 3 
3.1 The diagrams below show the upper jaws of some fossils. These diagrams  are drawn to scale.  

3.1.1 Describe ONE visible difference between the jaw of a chimpanzee  and that of Homo sapiens which show trends in human evolution. (2) 
3.1.2 Based on the differences in dentition, what conclusion can be  made about the change in diet from Australopithecus afarensis to  Homo sapiens? (2) 
3.1.3 Australopithecus may be described as a transitional species  between the chimpanzee and Homo sapiens.  

1. Define a transitional species. (1)
2. Use ONE visible feature of the jaw to explain why  A. afarensis may be described as a transitional species. (2) (7) 

3.2 There are two variations in the colour of kingsnakes. Some have a  bright colourful pattern and others have a dull pattern. Kingsnakes are  non-poisonous to their predators.  
Coral snakes also have a bright colour pattern, but are poisonous to their  predators. This is a defence mechanism as predators avoid them. 
Scientists observed that where kingsnakes shared the same habitat with coral  snakes, there were more kingsnakes that had bright colourful patterns.  
The diagram below represents the distribution of the snakes.  

3.2.1 Explain how the bright colour pattern of coral snakes influences their  survival. (3) 
3.2.2 Use Darwin's theory of evolution through natural selection to explain  why there are more brightly coloured kingsnakes in this habitat. (6) (9) 
3.3 Artificial selection programmes have produced two varieties of maize. The  one has grains with a high oil content (Variety F) and the other has grains  with a low oil content (Variety G).  
The graph below shows the changes in the oil content of the grains of the two  varieties over 100 years of artificial selection. 

3.3.1 In which year did the two maize varieties have the same oil content? (1) 
3.3.2 Calculate the percentage increase in the oil content of Variety F over the 100-year period. Show ALL working. (3) 
3.3.3 Tabulate TWO differences between natural selection and artificial  selection. (5) (9) 
3.4 Weeds are problematic to farmers because they invade farm fields and  outcompete crop plants for space. This reduces the crop yield. 
Farmers spray their fields with chemicals, known as herbicides, to kill the  weeds. Some weeds, however, have evolved to be resistant to herbicides. 
Scientists investigated the time it took for a species of weed to develop  resistance to five types of herbicides. The results are shown in the table  below.  

3.4.1 Refer to the passage above and state how weeds act to reduce crop  yield. (1) 
3.4.2 Identify the: 

1. Independent variable  (1)
2. Dependent variable  (1)

3.4.3 Name the herbicide: 

1. To which the weeds developed resistance the fastest (1)
2. That remained effective for the longest period of time (1) 

3.4.4 The scientists used the same weed species when investigating  resistance to the different herbicides. 

1. Describe how the scientists would have determined the  resistance of the weeds to the herbicides. (2)
2. Explain how the use of the same weed species improved the  validity of the investigation. (2) 

3.4.5 Draw a bar graph to show the time taken for the evolution of  resistance to the herbicides. (6) (15) [40] 

TOTAL SECTION B: 80

SECTION C 
QUESTION 4 
Describe the structure of RNA in a cell and the involvement of the different types of  RNA in protein synthesis.  

Content: (17) 
Synthesis: (3) 
(20) 

NOTE: NO marks will be awarded for answers in the form of a table, flow charts or  diagrams. 

TOTAL SECTION C: 20 
GRAND TOTAL: 150

LIFE SCIENCES
PAPER 1
GRADE 12 
NSC EXAMS
PAST PAPERS AND MEMOS NOVEMBER 2018

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 
Read the following instructions carefully before answering the questions. 

1. Answer ALL the questions.
2. Write ALL the answers in the ANSWER BOOK. 
3. Start the answers to EACH question at the top of a NEW page.
4. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this  question paper.
5. Present your answers according to the instructions of each question.
6. Do ALL drawings in pencil and label them in blue or black ink. 
7. Draw diagrams, tables or flow charts only when asked to do so.
8. The diagrams in this question paper are NOT necessarily drawn to scale.
9. Do NOT use graph paper.
10. You must use a non-programmable calculator, protractor and a compass,  where necessary.
11. Write neatly and legibly.

QUESTIONS 

SECTION A 
QUESTION 1 
1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions.  Choose the answer and write only the letter (A to D) next to the question  numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.10) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.1.11 D. 
1.1.1 Which of the following are hormones that directly stimulate the  development of the endometrium? 

1. FSH and LH
2. Progesterone and oestrogen
3. FSH and progesterone
4. LH and oestrogen 

1.1.2 A function of the iris of the eye is to … 

1. refract light to form a clear image.
2. control the amount of light that enters the eye.
3. convert the light stimuli into impulses. 
4. prevent reflection of light within the eye. 

1.1.3 Diagram A and diagram B below represent the same part of the  same human eye under different conditions.  

Which diagram, with a corresponding reason, represents a person  looking at an object 10 metres away? 

1. Diagram A because the suspensory ligaments are taut/tight and the lens is less convex 
2. Diagram A because the lens is more convex and the  suspensory ligaments are slack 
3. Diagram B because the lens is more convex and the  suspensory ligaments are slack 
4. Diagram B because the suspensory ligaments are taut/tight and the lens is less convex 

1.1.4 Which of the following are plant growth hormones? 

1. Prolactin and abscisic acid
2. Abscisic acid and glucagon 
3. Gibberellins and abscisic acid
4. ADH and gibberellins 

1.1.5 A function of the placenta is to … 

1. transport waste from mother to foetus.
2. form the chorion. 
3. secrete progesterone. 
4. secrete the fluid that surrounds the foetus. 

1.1.6 Which ONE of the following will lead to a decrease in water  quality? 

1. Eutrophication
2. Use of aquifers
3. Maintaining wetlands
4. Drought 

1.1.7 A chemical used in laboratories prevents spindle fibres from  forming in cells undergoing meiosis. As a result meiosis cannot  start on the completion of interphase. In an investigation, this chemical was added to cells in the anthers of the flowers of rice plants. Each cell in the anther has  24 chromosomes.  
What is the expected number of chromosomes in each cell at the  end of the investigation? 

1. 12 replicated chromosomes
2. 24 replicated chromosomes
3. 24 unreplicated chromosomes
4. 48 unreplicated chromosomes

1.1.8 A scientist designed an investigation to test the following: 
Eating more salt will decrease urine production and increase water  consumption. 
The table below shows the results of the investigation. 

A possible conclusion from the results above is that eating more  salt … 

1. decreases urine production and increases the amount of water  consumed.
2. increases urine production and decreases the amount of water  consumed.
3. has little effect on urine production and decreases the amount  of water consumed. 
4. has little effect on urine production and increases the amount  of water consumed. 

1.1.9 An advantage of internal fertilisation is that … 

1. sperm and ova are protected within the female's body.
2. there is better parental care. 
3. more gametes will be produced. 
4. the foetus receives food directly from the mother.

1.1.10 The graphs below represent the results of an investigation to  determine if there is a possible relationship between temperature  and the dissolved oxygen content of water and fish size. 

Which ONE of the following is a possible interpretation based on information from both graphs? 

1. There will be no relationship between water temperature and  fish size.
2. As the temperature of the water increases, the amount of  dissolved oxygen will increase.
3. The average size of the fish will decrease as the temperature  of the water increases.
4. The amount of dissolved oxygen in the water will not influence  fish size. (10 x 2) (20) 

1.2 Give the correct biological term for EACH of the following descriptions.  Write only the term next to the question numbers (1.2.1 to 1.2.10) in the  ANSWER BOOK.  
1.2.1 The type of egg produced by reptiles that has extra-embryonic  membranes 
1.2.2 The type of development in birds where the hatchlings' eyes are  open and their bodies are covered with down feathers 
1.2.3 The part of the brain that receives impulses from the maculae
1.2.4 The dark pigmented layer of the eye 
1.2.5 The structure that connects the left and right hemispheres of the  brain 
1.2.6 The part of the brain that controls body temperature 
1.2.7 The gas in the blood which, when increased, causes an increase in  the breathing rate  
1.2.8 Plant growth responses to external stimuli 
1.2.9  A substance containing plant hormones used to kill unwanted  plants 
1.2.10 The illegal hunting and killing of animals (10) 
1.3 Indicate whether each of the descriptions in COLUMN I apply to A ONLY,  B ONLY, BOTH A AND B or NONE of the items in COLUMN II. Write A only,  B only, both A and B or none next to the question numbers (1.3.1 to 1.3.3)  in the ANSWER BOOK. 

(3 x 2) (6)
1.4 The diagram below represents a sequence of events that may take place  inside the human female reproductive system.  

1.4.1 Identify the process taking place at I in the diagram above. (1) 
1.4.2 State the type of cell division that takes place at II in the diagram above. (1) 
1.4.3 Name TWO functional extra-embryonic membranes that are  produced by structure C.  (2) 
1.4.4 Identify the stage of development indicated by: 

1. A  (1) 
2. B  (1) 
3. C  (1) 

1.4.5 Name the part of the female reproductive system where the events  in the diagram above usually take place. (1) 
1.4.6 Give the chromosome number of the cell at A if this cell is going to  develop into a child with Down syndrome.   (1)  (9) 
1.5 The diagram below shows the hormones involved in the homeostatic control  of metabolism in the human body. X is a gland found around the larynx in the  neck. 

1.5.1 Identify EACH of the following: 

1. The gland that secretes hormone A (1)
2. Hormone B (1)

1.5.2Name the mechanism in the diagram that regulates the level of  hormone B. (1) 
1.5.3 Half of gland X was surgically removed in a person. State TWO possible effects that this would have on the secretion of  the hormones referred to in the diagram above. (2) (5) 

TOTAL SECTION A: 50 

SECTION B 
QUESTION 2 
2.1 The diagrams below represent various phases of meiosis. A B C2.1.1 Identify the phase of meiosis in diagram: 

1. A (1) 
2. B (1) 

2.1.2 Draw a labelled diagram to show the cells that will be formed at the  end of meiosis from the cell in diagram C. (5) (7) 
2.2 Read the extract below about a medical condition in male babies called  cryptorchidism. 

2.2.1 State ONE function of testosterone not mentioned in the extract above. (1) 
2.2.2 According to the extract, state TWO ways in which cryptorchidism  is treated. (2) 
2.2.3 What percentage of premature male babies are born with  cryptorchidism? (1) 
2.2.4 From the extract, give ONE reason, other than infertility, why  cryptorchidism needs to be treated if the condition is not resolved naturally.   (1) 
2.2.5 Explain why undescended testes may lead to infertility in young males.  (2) (7)
2.3 Some women take longer to fall pregnant compared to others. A woman with a normal, fertile male partner, who takes longer than 12 months to fall  pregnant, is said to be subfertile. 
An investigation was conducted to determine the effect of BMI (body mass  index) and smoking on subfertility. 

• BMI is calculated as follows: BMI = Body mass (kg)
                                                 (Height in metres)² 

A total of 2 587 women between the ages of 20 and 30 participated in the  investigation. All of the women were at least 20 weeks pregnant, had planned  to fall pregnant and conceived naturally.  
The following information was obtained from each woman: 

• Height and mass 
• Time taken to fall pregnant (in months)  
• Smoking habits 

Of the total number of women who participated, 1 510 were subfertile. 

2.3.1 Give ONE reason why the women were asked for their height and  mass. (1) 
2.3.2 Determine how many of the participants were subfertile smokers with a BMI ≥30. Show ALL calculations. (3) 
2.3.3 Suggest why only women with planned pregnancies were included  in the investigation.  (2)
2.3.4 State ONE factor that was kept constant in this investigation. (1)
2.3.5 Based on the information in the graph on page 12, what advice  should be given to women who want to increase their chances of falling pregnant?  (2)
The investigation was carried out in another country and the results  below were obtained. 

Explain why the results of the original investigation can be  considered to be reliable. (2) (11)
2.4 Study the diagram below. 

2.4.1 Give ONE function of part: 

1. A (1) 
2. E (1) 
3. F (1) 

2.4.2 Write down only the LETTER of the part where sound is transmitted  in the form of: 

1. A pressure wave in a liquid (1) 
2. An electrical impulse  (1) 

2.4.3Explain the effect if the receptors in region C are damaged. (3) 
2.4.4. Describe how the parts of the middle ear, including the  membranes, assist with amplifying sounds. (3) 
2.4.5 Describe the role of the semi-circular canals in maintaining  balance. (4) (15) [40] 

QUESTION 3 
3.1 The diagrams below represent the growth responses of two different plant  organs to external stimuli. 

3.1.1 Name the group of plant hormones that is responsible for the  growth responses observed in the diagrams. (1) 
3.1.2 Name the external stimulus at: 

1. A  (1) 
2. D (1) 

3.1.3 Give ONE observable reason why plant organ B is a stem. (1) 
3.1.4 Explain the growth response observed in plant organ C. (3) (7) 
3.2 The diagram below represents two possible pathways, A and B, which a  nerve impulse may follow in the human body. 

3.2.1 Which pathway, A or B, represents a reflex arc? (1) 
3.2.2 Give a visible reason in the diagram for your answer to  QUESTION 3.2.1. (1) 
3.2.3 Describe the importance of a reflex action in the human body. (3) 
3.2.4 Identify the part of the nervous system represented by 1. (1) 
3.2.5 Explain ONE way in which the myelin sheath is important in the  functioning of neurons. (2) 
3.2.6 Describe how the person would be affected if the axon of neuron 2 was cut. (2) 
3.2.7 Describe pathway B. (6) (16) 
3.3 The graphs below show the effects of eating many small meals and eating  fewer large meals on blood glucose and insulin concentrations in a normal  person.  
The arrows on the graphs below indicate when meals were eaten. The normal  blood glucose concentration is 100 mg/dl. 

3.3.1 State what happens to the blood glucose concentration immediately after a meal is eaten.  (1) 
3.3.2 Use the information in the graphs.  
Tabulate TWO ways in which eating fewer large meals and eating many small meals affect the blood insulin levels differently. (5) 
3.3.3 Explain why eating many small meals per day is better for a  diabetic person than eating fewer large meals a day. (4) (10)
3.4 The diagrams below represent structures in the skin of two people. Both  people were in the same room at the same time, but one person was  exercising while the other person was sitting still. The skin surface  temperature of both people was measured after 10 minutes. 

3.4.1 Which person, A or B, was exercising? (1) 
3.4.2 Give TWO visible reasons for you answer to QUESTION 3.4.1. (2) 
3.4.3 Name ONE hormone that would have the same effect on the blood  vessels that is observable in person A. (1) 
3.4.4 After 10 minutes the surface skin temperature of each person was  measured. The results were as follows: 

• Person A: 37,2 °C 
• Person B: 36,6 °C 

Explain why the skin temperature of person A was higher after  10 minutes. (3) (7) 

TOTAL SECTION B: 80 

SECTION C 
QUESTION 4 
Describe how human activities have caused rapid global warming over the last century,  the impact of global warming on weather patterns and how the change in weather  patterns affects food security. 

 Content: (17) 
 Synthesis: (3) 
(20) 

NOTE: NO marks will be awarded for answers in the form of a table, flow charts or  diagrams. 

TOTAL SECTION C: 20 
GRAND TOTAL: 150

LIFE SCIENCES
PAPER 1
GRADE 12 
NSC EXAMS
PAST PAPERS AND MEMOS NOVEMBER 2018

MEMORANDUM

SECTION A 
QUESTION 1 
1.1
1.1.1 B ✓✓
1.1.2 B✓✓
1.1.3 D✓✓
1.1.4 C ✓✓
1.1.5 C✓✓
1.1.6 A✓✓
1.1.7 B✓✓
1.1.8 C✓✓
1.1.9 A✓✓
1.1.10 C ✓✓ (10 x  2) (20) 
1.2
1.2.1 Amniotic✓ egg 
1.2.2 Precocial✓ development
1.2.3 Cerebellum✓
1.2.4 Choroid✓
1.2.5 Corpus callosum✓ 
1.2.6 Hypothalamus✓
1.2.7 Carbon dioxide✓/CO2  
1.2.8 Tropisms✓
1.2.9 Weed-killer✓/herbicide  
1.2.10 Poaching✓(10) 
1.3
1.3.1 None✓✓
1.3.2 A only✓✓
1.3.3 Both A and B✓✓ (3 x 2)  (6) 
1.4
1.4.1 Fertilisation✓(1)
1.4.2 Mitosis✓ (1) 
1.4.3

• Chorion✓
• Amnion✓
  (Mark first TWO only) (2) 

1.4.4

1. Zygote✓  (1) 
2. Morula✓  (1) 
3. Blastocyst✓/blastula   (1) 

1.4.5 Fallopian tube✓ (1) 
1.4.6 47✓ (1) (9)
1.5
1.5.1

1. Pituitary✓/hypophysis (1)
2. Thyroxin✓ (1) 

1.5.2 Negative feedback✓ mechanism 
1.5.3

• Less hormone B✓/thyroxin will be secreted (1)
• More hormone A✓/TSH will be secreted (Mark first TWO only) (2) (5) 

TOTAL SECTION A: 50

SECTION B 
QUESTION 2 
2.1
2.1.1

1. Prophase I✓(1)
2. Anaphase I✓ (1)  

2.1.2
(5) (7) 

Criteria for marking 

2.2
2.2.1

• Needed for spermatogenesis✓
• Stimulates the development of secondary male  characteristics✓/deeper voice/facial hair/body hair/increased  muscle mass/increase in size of the sex organs/sex drive
  (Mark first ONE only) Any  (1) 

2.2.2

• Administering testosterone✓/hormonal treatment
• Surgery✓ (2)
  (Mark first TWO only)  

2.2.3 33⅓✓ % (1) 
2.2.4

• It increases the risk of testicular cancer✓(1)
  (Mark first ONE only)  

2.2.5

• The temperature of the testes will be too high✓/poor blood  circulation/increased pressure on the testes
• therefore sperm will not mature✓/spermatogenesis will be  negatively affected (2) (7) 

2.3
2.3.1 To calculate BMI✓ (1) 
2.3.2 41/100✓ x 1510✓ = 619✓ (Accept 619,1)  (3) 
2.3.3 Only women with planned pregnancies will know how long it took  them to fall pregnant✓✓ (2) 
2.3.4 All the women: 

• were the same age✓/between the ages of 20 and 30 years
• were pregnant for the same amount of time✓/at least 20 weeks  pregnant
• had planned to fall pregnant✓
• had conceived naturally✓
  (Mark first ONE only) Any (1) 

2.3.5 Do not smoke if your BMI is <20 or ≥30✓✓ (2)
2.3.6

• Similar/same results were obtained✓
• in the second/repeated investigation✓ (2)(11) 

2.4
2.4.1

1. Transmits sound waves to the tympanic  membrane✓/Secretes ear wax (1)
   (Mark first ONE only) 
2. Equalises pressure on either side of the tympanic  membrane✓(1)
   (Mark first ONE only)
3. Releases pressure from the inner ear✓(1)
   (Mark first ONE only)  

2.4.2 

1. C✓ (1)
2. D✓ (1) 

2.4.3

• The receptors cannot convert the stimuli into impulses✓
• No impulses/fewer impulses are transmitted to the cerebrum✓
• and the person does not hear anything✓/hearing is impaired (3) 

2.4.4

• The sound vibrations are transmitted from the large tympanic  membrane✓
• to the smaller oval window✓
• through the ossicles✓
• which are arranged from largest to smallest✓
• This concentrates the vibrations✓, amplifying them
  Any  (3) 

2.4.5

• A change in speed/direction of movement✓
• stimulates the cristae✓
• The stimulus is converted to an impulse✓
• The impulse is transmitted to the cerebellum✓
• via the auditory nerve✓
• The cerebellum sends impulses to the muscles✓ to restore  balance
  Any (4) (15) [40]

QUESTION 3
3.1
3.1.1 Auxins✓ (1) 
3.1.2

1. Light✓ (1) 
2. Gravity✓ (1) 

3.1.3 Plant structure B has bent towards the light✓/towards A/positively  phototropic  (1) 
3.1.4

• Auxins accumulated on the lower side✓ of the root 
• The high concentration of auxins on the lower side of the root inhibits growth✓
• The lower concentration of auxins on the upper side stimulates  growth✓
• causing uneven growth✓/the root to bend downwards/positive  geotropism
  Any   (3) (7) 

3.2
3.2.1 A✓ (1) 
3.2.2 The impulse does not travel to the brain✓/goes directly from  receptor to effector via the spinal cord  (1) 
3.2.3

• Allows the person to respond rapidly✓ 
• and without thinking✓/involuntarily
• to a stimulus✓  
• to prevent damage to the body✓*  (3) 
  1* compulsory + any other 2  

3.2.4 Nerve✓/spinal cord  (1) 
3.2.5

• It acts as an insulator✓
• and therefore, speeds up the nerve impulse✓/prevents a short  circuit (2) 

3.2.6 

• The person would be able to feel the stimulus✓
• but would be unable to react✓
• because the impulse would not be transmitted to the effector✓ 
  Any (2) 

3.2.7

• The receptor receives the stimulus✓
• and converts it into an impulse✓
• which is transported by a sensory neuron✓ via the spinal cord
• to the brain✓*/cerebrum
• The brain/cerebrum interprets the impulse✓*
• The brain/cerebrum sends an impulse to a motor neuron✓
• which conducts the impulse to the effector✓
• to bring about a response✓
  2* compulsory + any other  4 (6) (16) 

3.3
3.3.1 The level increases✓
3.3.2  T✓

(Mark first TWO only) 1 for table + Any 2 x 2   
3.3.3

• A diabetic may not produce sufficient insulin✓
• When eating many smaller meals, less glucose✓ enters the  blood
• less insulin✓ is needed 
• to return blood glucose to normal✓
  OR
• A diabetic may not produce sufficient insulin✓
• When eating fewer larger meals, more glucose✓ enters the  blood
• more insulin✓ is needed 
• to return blood glucose to normal✓

3.4
3.4.1 B✓
3.4.2

• The person is sweating✓
• Vasodilation has occurred✓
  (Mark first TWO only)  

3.4.3 Adrenalin✓
3.4.4

• Blood vessels are constricted✓
• Less blood is sent to the skin✓/sweat glands
• Less sweat is formed✓/less evaporation occurs
• and less heat is lost✓
  Any (3) (7) [40] 

TOTAL SECTION B: 80

QUESTION 4 
The causes of rapid global warming (H) 

•  The concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has increased✓
• The burning of fossil fuels✓/use of vehicles/fires
• and industrial processes✓
• have released large amounts of CO2✓/N2O/CFC’s into the atmosphere
• Deforestation✓
• results in less CO2 being removed from the atmosphere✓
• Due to the decomposition of organic waste in landfills✓/rice paddies 
• and the increased number of livestock✓
• the concentration of methane/CH4 in the atmosphere has increased✓
• This has caused the enhanced greenhouse effect✓
• More heat is trapped in the atmosphere✓ (8)
  Any 

Impact of global warming on weather patterns (W) 

• Higher temperatures✓occur
• Heat waves occur✓
• The distribution of rainfall changes✓
• leading to increased rainfall in some areas✓
• while other areas will have decreased rainfall✓/experience droughts (3) 
• Storms are more severe✓/frequent 
  Any 

How changes in weather patterns affects food security (F) 

• Food security decreases✔* 

Changes in rainfall patterns cause: 

• Desertification✔ 
• increased flooding✔ 
• and wildfires✔ 
• which increases soil erosion✔ resulting in:
  • fewer crops to be planted✔ 
  • lower crop yields✔ 
  • less food for livestock✔ 
• Higher environmental temperatures negatively affects livestock✔/crops (6)
• These factors further decrease food availability✔
• Food becomes more expensive✔

1*compulsory + Any other 5  (17) 
(3) 
Content:  (20)
Synthesis: 

ASSESSING THE PRESENTATION OF THE ESSAY 

TOTAL SECTION C: 20 
GRAND TOTAL: 150