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Monday, 14 June 2021 08:17

HISTORY PAPER 1 GRADE 12 ADDENDUM - NSC PAST PAPERS AND MEMOS NOVEMBER 2016

HISTORY
PAPER ONE (P1)
GRADE 12
NSC EXAM PAPERS AND MEMOS
NOVEMBER 2016

ADDENDUM

QUESTION 1: WHY DID THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA GIVE FINANCIAL AID TO EUROPEAN COUNTRIES AFTER 1945?
SOURCE 1A
The extract below outlines why the European Recovery Programme was implemented in Europe after 1945.

In the aftermath (outcome) of World War II, Western Europe lay devastated. The war had ruined crop fields and destroyed infrastructure, leaving most of Europe in dire (desperate) need. On 5 June 1947 Secretary of State George Marshall announced the European Recovery Programme. To avoid antagonising (provoking) the Soviet Union, Marshall announced that the purpose of sending aid to Western Europe was completely humanitarian, and even offered aid to the communist states in the East. Congress approved Truman's request of 17 billion dollars over four years to be sent to Great Britain, France, West Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Belgium.
The Marshall Plan created an economic miracle in Western Europe. By the target date of the programme four years later, Western European industries were producing twice as much as they had the year before war broke out. Some Americans grumbled (complained) about the costs, but the nation spent more on liquor during the years of the Marshall Plan than they sent overseas to Europe. The aid also produced record levels of trade with American firms, fuelling a post-war economic boom in the United States.
Lastly, and much to Truman's delight, none of these nations of Western Europe faced a serious threat of communist takeover for the duration of the Cold War.

[From http://www.ushistory.org/us/52c.asp.
Accessed on 15 February 2016.]

SOURCE 1B
This source was written by an academic, Scott D Parrish, from the University of Texas in the United States of America. He analysed Evgenii Varga's (Soviet academic and economist) rejection of the Marshall Plan.

Varga put forward an economic explanation, arguing that 'the economic situation in the United States was the decisive (key) factor in putting forward the Marshall Plan proposal. The Marshall Plan is intended in the first instance to serve as a means of softening the expected economic crisis, the approach of which already no one in the United States denies'. Varga then went on to outline the dimensions (lengths) of the economic crisis, which he expected would soon overtake the United States. He anticipated a twenty per cent drop in production during this crisis, leading to the creation of a ten-million-man army of unemployed, and wreaking havoc (causing disaster) on the American banking system. As to the political effects of these economic difficulties, he concluded that 'the explosion of the economic and financial crisis will result in a significant drop in the foreign policy prestige (status) of the United States, which hopes to play the role of stabiliser of international capitalism'.
The Marshall Plan, wrote Varga, represented an attempt to forestall (prevent) this crisis. In his view, the United States found itself compelled (forced) to increase exports in order to avoid the onset of a serious economic depression. To accomplish such an increase in exports, the United States would grant credit to the European countries, even if they could not repay them. Varga observed that this expedient (action) would prove especially beneficial to 'monopoly capital'. He concluded:
'Seen against this background, the idea behind the Marshall Plan is the following: If it is in the interest of the United States itself to sell abroad American goods worth several billion dollars on credit to bankrupt borrowers, then it is necessary to attempt to gain from these credits the maximum political benefits.'

[From https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/ACFB73.pdf.
Accessed on 8 February 2016.]

SOURCE 1C
This cartoon was published in the Krokodil, a Soviet magazine, in 1948. It depicts the effects of the Marshall Plan.

SOURCE 1D
This source was written by William R Keylor. He analyses the effects of the implementation of the Marshall Plan, both on Western European countries and the United States of America.

The economic consequences (results) of the Marshall Plan surpassed (were more than) the most optimistic expectations of its authors. By 1952, the termination date of the American aid programme, European industrial production had risen to 35 per cent and agricultural production to 10 per cent above the pre-war level. From the depths of economic despair the recipient nations of Western Europe embarked on a period of economic expansion that was to bring a degree of prosperity to their populations unimaginable (unbelievable) in the dark days of 1947.
In the meantime the donor nation derived (received) great commercial benefits from its financial largesse (assistance), as the Marxist-Leninist critics had forecast: more than two-thirds of the European imports under the plan came from the United States, which meant higher profits for American firms engaged in the export trade, as well as more jobs for the workers they employed. It is doubtful that the phenomenal (outstanding) growth of the American economy in the prosperous era of the fifties and early sixties would have occurred without the stimulus provided by orders for its goods and services from the other nations of the industrial world across the Atlantic that were rebuilding their war-torn economies.

[From The Twentieth-Century World, An International History by WR Keylor]

QUESTION 2: WHAT WERE THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE BATTLE OF CUITO CUANAVALE FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA?
SOURCE 2A
This source focuses on the opinions of historians Irina Filatova and Apollon Davidson, about the significance of the Battle of Cuito Cuanavale, which was fought in Angola between 1987 and 1988.

From the point of view of the Soviet military, the Angolans, Cubans, the post-apartheid South African government and many researchers, the Battle of Cuito Cuanavale was the turning point of the war, after which all the main goals of the war were achieved: South Africa had to withdraw its troops, Angola achieved relative peace and Namibia its independence. From the point of view of the South African military, there never was a 'Battle of Cuito Cuanavale', because, according to General J Geldenhuys, 'it had no strategic significance whatsoever. It played no role at all from whatever angle you look at it'. In fact, 'the Soviet alliance lost, because it did not manage to crush Savimbi and to demolish his capital, Jamba …'.
We shall leave this argument to military historians … But from a propaganda point of view, it was a disaster …
Russian researchers think that Cuito Cuanavale and the Cuban offensive in the south-west (of Angola) changed the balance of power of forces in the region, creating a favourable climate for the Angolan-Namibian settlement (New York Accords) ... The truth is that, however many battles the South African Defence Force could claim to have won on the battlefield, they lost the crucial political battle, and the war with it.

[From The Hidden Thread. Russia and South Africa in the Soviet Era by I Filatova and A Davidson]

SOURCE 2B
The extract below is taken from a speech by Fidel Castro (leader of Cuba) at a rally that was attended by thousands of people in Havana on 5 December 1988. Castro defended the involvement of Cuban troops in the Battle of Cuito Cuanavale.

The Angolan government had assigned us (Cuba) the responsibility of defending Cuito Cuanavale, and all necessary measures were taken not only to stop the South Africans, but to turn Cuito Cuanavale into a trap, a trap the South Africans ran into. In Cuito Cuanavale the South African army really broke their teeth (lost its power) …
The United States had been meeting with Angola for some time, presenting themselves as mediators (negotiators) between the Angolans and the South Africans to seek a peaceful solution, and so the years went by. But while these supposed negotiations were taking place with the United States as intermediaries (negotiators), the South Africans had intervened and tried to solve the Angolan situation militarily, and perhaps they would have achieved it if it was not for the effort our country (Cuba) made. In fact the relationship of forces changed radically. The South Africans suffered a crushing defeat in Cuito Cuanavale and the worst part for them was still to come …
There are moments when difficult and bitter decisions have to be taken, and when that moment came, our party and our armed forces did not hesitate for an instant. I believe that helped to prevent a political calamity (disaster), a military calamity for Angola, for Africa and for all progressive forces. I believe that our actions (at Cuito Cuanavale) decisively boosted the prospects for peace now present in the region.

[From In Defence of Socialism: Four Speeches on the 30th Anniversary of the Cuban Revolution by F Castro]

SOURCE 2C
This source by Christopher Saunders explains the role that the superpowers played in ensuring that the Angola/Namibia Accords (New York Accords) were signed. The Accords were signed by Cuba, Angola and South Africa at the United Nations headquarters in New York on 22 December 1988.

As Crocker (Assistant Secretary of African Affairs in the United States of America) had successfully argued over months would be the case, the final agreement provided something for each party involved … In the way the crisis was resolved, the two superpowers worked more closely together than ever, especially in the Joint Monitoring Commission that was established to ensure that the agreements were held to.
This chapter is concerned with … why the crisis (at Cuito Cuanavale in 1988) was resolved as it was and did not escalate (increase) into something far more serious. Key to this was the coming into office of Gorbachev (1985) and the evolution (growth) of his 'new thinking', which made possible new cooperation with the USA. It began to be possible for all the parties to see that they could gain something by the settlement. Cuba and South Africa both had to withdraw from Angola … They withdrew within the context of a new relationship forged (made) between leading personalities involved in the negotiations, and a new attitude towards the Soviet Union by the South Africans, who no longer saw communism as a bogey (monster) and the USSR as out to conquer the sub-continent …
The superpowers played a critical role in the resolution of this crisis …

[From Cold War in Southern Africa. White Power and Black Liberation, edited by S Onslow]

SOURCE 2D
This photograph shows various leaders signing the New York Accords at the United Nations Headquarters in New York on 22 December 1988.
Seated from left to right are: Magnus Malan, Minister of Defence (South Africa), Roelof Frederik ('Pik') Botha, Minister of Foreign Affairs (South Africa), Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, Secretary General of the UN, George Shultz, Secretary of State (United States of America), Alfonso Van-Dunem, Minister of Foreign Affairs (Angola), António dos Santos Franҫa (Angolan representative), Isidoro Malmierca Peoli, Minister of Foreign Affairs (Cuba) and General Abelardo Colomé Ibarra (Cuba).

[From http://downloads.unmultimedia.org/photo/ltd/high/272/272982.jpg?s=4F0232819DA6CCCD391 EC97A2A1B59BD&save.
Accessed on 25 October 2015.]

QUESTION 3: WHAT CHALLENGES DID THE LITTLE ROCK NINE FACE DURING THE INTEGRATION OF CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL IN 1957?
SOURCE 3A
This source focuses on the processes that occurred before the Little Rock Nine could enrol at Central High School in 1957.

… by the summer of 1957, school officials had selected 17 African-American students from over 200 applicants for enrolment at Central High School. School officials rejected many applicants because their grades were not high enough. Others were rejected because officials did not think they could handle the pressure of being a small minority in a school that was overwhelmingly white … Still other African students dropped out on their own after the superintendent told them that they would not be allowed to participate in sports or any other extracurricular activity. As resistance to integration became more vocal in the summer of 1957 in Little Rock and elsewhere, a number of parents withdrew their children out of fear for their safety.
By the time the school opened, only nine African-American students were prepared to attend Central High School … Despite the talk on TV and the radio and the newspapers, the 'Little Rock Nine' did not believe that integration would lead to violence in Little Rock. The first indication that I had of it was the night before we were to go to school.
Governor Faubus came on TV and indicated that he was calling out the (Arkansas) National Guard to prevent our entrance into Central because of what he thought were threats to our lives. He was doing it for our own 'protection'. Even at that time that was his line. He said that the troops would be out in front of the school and they would block our entrance to Central, for our protection as well as for the protection and tranquillity (calmness) of the city.

[From https://www.facinghistory.org/sites/default/files/publications/Choices_Little_Rock.pdf.
Accessed on 11 February 2016.]

SOURCE 3B
This source focuses on Elizabeth Eckford's experiences on 4 September 1957, her first day at Central High School.

The first scene Eckford saw when she got off the bus a block from Central High School was a sea of angry faces. She tried to walk to the school, but a jeering (mocking) mob blocked her path. All alone, her knees shaking, she pushed through the mob. She was trying hard not to show her fright. 'It was the longest block I ever walked in my whole life,' she said later. Eckford was one of nine students who had volunteered to be among the first African Americans to attend Central High School. When she left for school that morning, Eckford thought there might be trouble. But she didn't know that she would see hundreds of angry white people who had been waiting for her since early morning. Suddenly a shout went through the crowd. Elizabeth Eckford was attempting to enter the school.
Eckford turned back to the National Guards, but they did nothing. She walked back to the bus stop and sat down at the bench. Again, the mob surrounded her. 'Get a rope. Drag her over to this tree! Let's take care of the nigger*.' A white woman fought her way through the mob, screaming, 'Leave this child alone. Why are you tormenting (upsetting) her? Six months from now, you will hang your heads in shame.' The woman, Grace Lorch, sat down with Eckford on the bench. She put her arm around the girl and stayed there until the bus arrived.
Mrs Lorch rode with Eckford until she got off at the school where her mother taught.

[From http://www.ahsd.org/social_studies/williamsm/The%20Mob%20at%20Central%20High%20School.pdf.
Accessed 20 February 2016.]

*Nigger: A derogatory (offensive) term used to refer to African Americans

SOURCE 3C
This photograph shows Elizabeth Eckford at the bus stop outside Central High School, surrounded by a mob of white American segregationists. Grace Lorch, a member of the local National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People (NAACP), is seen with her arm around Elizabeth Eckford.

[From http://coolchicksfromhistory.tumblr.com. Accessed on 20 February 2016.]

SOURCE 3D
This extract focuses on events that occurred at the house of Daisy Bates on 5 September 1957. It was after the Little Rock Nine were prevented from entering Central High School the previous day.

… The Nine gathered at the Bates home. It was the first time Elizabeth had ever met Daisy Bates. Segregationists, reporters and Faubus were to accuse her of sending Elizabeth into the mob deliberately, to garner (gather) sympathetic publicity. Now Elizabeth let her have it, too. 'Why did you forget me?' she asked, with what Bates, who died in 1999, later called 'cold hatred in her eyes'. To this day Elizabeth believes that Bates, now lionised (praised) by everyone (a major street near Central High School has been named after her), saw the black students as little more than foot soldiers in a cause, and left them woefully unprepared for their ordeal.
For two and a half weeks, as lawyers, judges and politicians wrangled (fought) over their fate, the Little Rock Nine stayed home. Meantime, the image of Elizabeth and Hazel Bryan flashed around the world … Langston Hughes wrote in the Chicago Defender, this 'one lone little Negro girl' would matter more than all the other allegedly more important players in the drama. The world press praised Elizabeth and condemned her attackers.
Again a federal judge ordered Faubus to stop interfering and admit the black children. Again a date was set: 23 September. Again, Daisy Bates notified the black families. By now the Eckfords had gotten themselves a telephone, but Daisy dreaded a conversation with them; how could she ask Elizabeth's mother to send her daughter back into the mob? Bates kept moving them to the bottom of her list. Once more, though, Birdie Eckford agreed to let Elizabeth go, and when the black children assembled at the Bates' home the next morning, she was among the first to arrive.

[From http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2007/09/littlerock200709.
Accessed on 19 February 2016.]

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Visual sources and other historical evidence were taken from the following:
Castro, F. 1989. In Defence of Socialism: Four Speeches on the 30th Anniversary of the Cuban Revolution (Pathfinder, 1989)
Filatova I and Davidson A. 2013. The Hidden Thread. Russia and South Africa in the Soviet Era (Jonathan Ball, Cape Town)
http://coolchicksfromhistory.tumblr.com
http://downloads.unmultimedia.org/photo/ltd/high/272/272982.jpg?s=4F0232819DA6CCC D391 EC97A2A1B59BD&save
http://www.ahsd.org/social_studies/williamsm/The%20Mob%20at%20Central%20High%2 0School.pdf
http://www.ushistory.org/us/52c.asp
http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2007/09/littlerock200709
https://www.facinghistory.org/sites/default/files/publications/Choices_Little_Rock.pdf
https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/ACFB73.pdf
Keylor, WR. 1984. The Twentieth-Century World – An International History (Oxford University Press, New York)
Onslow (ed.). Cold War in Southern Africa. White Power and Black Liberation (Routledge, London)
Waugh, S. 1988. Essential Modern History (Oxford University Press, Harlow)

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Monday, 14 June 2021 07:55

HISTORY PAPER 2 GRADE 12 ADDENDUM - NSC PAST PAPERS AND MEMOS NOVEMBER 2016

HISTORY
PAPER TWO (P2)
GRADE 12
NSC EXAM PAPERS AND MEMOS
NOVEMBER 2016

ADDENDUM

QUESTION 1: HOW DID THE PHILOSOPHY OF BLACK CONSCIOUSNESS INFLUENCE THE SOWETO UPRISING OF 1976?
SOURCE 1A
The source below is part of an article entitled 'The June 16 Uprising Unshackled: A Black Perspective' by Nelvis Qekema. It focuses on how the philosophy of Black Consciousness influenced black South African learners to challenge the use of the Afrikaans language as a medium of instruction.

… The Black Consciousness message was simple, 'Black man, you are on your own.' We had nothing to beg from our oppressors. Biko even introduced a practical disincentive (warning): 'Any black man who calls a white man "baas" is a non-white.'
… No matter how painful it might be, it is a fact of history that the 16 June 1976 uprising occurred under the direct influence of the Black Consciousness Movement (BCM), its ideology and its leadership. On 28 May 1976 the South African Students' Movement (SASM), a student component of the BCM, held its general students' council meeting where the issue of Afrikaans as a medium of instruction was discussed. The minutes of the general students' council captured the spirit of the meeting and stated that the recent strikes by schools against the use of Afrikaans as a medium of instruction is a sign of demonstration against systematised (organised) schools to produce 'good industrial boys' for the powers that be … 'We resolve to totally reject the use of Afrikaans as a medium of instruction …'
Seth Mazibuko gave this testimony at his 1977 trial: 'On 13 June 1976 I attended this meeting. Various schools from Soweto were present. The main speaker explained to us what the aims and objectives of SASM were. He also discussed the use of Afrikaans as a medium of instruction and called upon the prefects of our schools to come forward and to explain what the position was [in their schools]. I stood up and told the congregation that the Phefeni [Junior Secondary] School refused to use Afrikaans and they had boycotted classes during May 1976.'
… Don [Tsietsi] Mashinini suggested that a mass demonstration should be held on 16 June 1976 by all black schools … The election for the new [Soweto region] committee for SASM was then held. The following members were elected to the committee: President, Don Mashinini of Morris Isaacson; Vice President, Seth Malibu; myself, (Seth Mazibuko) Secretary; a female student [Sibongile Mkhabela] from Naledi High School ...

[From http://azapo.org.za/the-june-16-uprising-ushackled-a-black perspective/. Accessed on 05 May 2016.]

SOURCE 1B
The source below is part of an eyewitness account of how events unfolded on 16 June 1976. This source was written by H Mashabela.

Earlier that day, Soweto schoolchildren had risen up against white authority and marched through Vilakazi Street alongside Phefeni Junior Secondary School and Orlando West High School in Soweto. The children had over the years witnessed the creation of urban Bantu councils, tribal schools and ethnic school boards by the country's white rulers and now Afrikaans was being imposed as a medium of instruction in the teaching of Mathematics, History and Geography.
As days and weeks passed without a response from the government, the South African Student Movement (SASM) decided to hold a peaceful protest march in solidarity with those pupils who were boycotting classes. Wednesday 16 June was chosen as D-day. Chanting slogans and waving placards, some of which read 'Away with Afrikaans,'
'Amandla Ngawethu' (Power to the People) and 'Free Azania' – the huge crowd had attracted scores of people, including police …
Five uniformed white police officers stood side by side in the middle of the road some paces away, facing the sea of black faces. Behind them, more uniformed police, most of them black and riot squad men, armed with rifles accompanied by dogs, alighted from (got out of) the police trucks.
Suddenly one of the five officers stepped to the side, picking up what seemed to be a stone. He hurled the object into the throng (crowd). Instantly the children in front of the column scattered to the sides. They picked up stones and regrouped. They shouted 'Power, P-o-w-e-r!' as they advanced towards the police. And then the shooting began.
… Afterwards everybody seemed terribly shaken. The bewildered (confused) pupils then returned to the streets. Helped by motorists and journalists, they collected the dead and the wounded, removing them from the scene.
Mbuyisa Makhubu, a young activist, scooped (picked) up the pathetic body of Hector Pieterson, the child who had died and set off down the road, howling (crying loudly) with grief with Pieterson's sister in anguish at his side.

[From A People On The Boil by H Mashabela]

SOURCE 1C
The photograph below was taken by photojournalist Sam Nzima. It shows Mbuyisa Makhubu carrying a dead Hector Pieterson, who was shot by the apartheid police force on 16 June 1976 in Soweto. On the left-hand side of the photograph is Hector Pieterson's sister, Antoinette.

SOURCE 1D [From http://rebeccafjellanddavis.com/june16/youth-day-in-south-africa. Accessed on 27 April 2016.]

This source focuses on how the apartheid government responded to the Soweto uprising of June 1976.

The next day (17 June 1976) the government closed down the schools and put the South African military on alert. The Deputy Minister of Bantu Affairs, Andries Treurnicht (nicknamed 'Dr No'), announced: 'In the white areas of South Africa [including Soweto], where the government erects the buildings, grants the subsidies and pays the teachers, it is our right to decide on language policy.'
The Minister of Justice, Jimmy Kruger, accused the learners of being communists: 'Why do they walk with upraised fists? Surely this is the sign of the Communist Party?' And Prime Minister, John Vorster, announced: 'The government will not be intimidated (threatened). Orders have been given to maintain order at all costs.' Those costs would include the lives of 174 Africans and two whites who were killed that day, as well as hundreds more who would be killed in the following months. News of the shootings swept around the world and the South African economy began to feel the shock with both gold and diamond shares dropping.
Nevertheless, the South African government was prepared to deal with protests as it always had, with extreme force and repression. The radicalisation (becoming revolutionary) of the African youth was evident in the violence that began in Soweto. Parents who had seen their children take to the streets, risking and sometimes losing their lives, were stirred into action. Throughout the urban African townships parents began to organise new political groups for the first time since the Defiance Campaign of the 1950s.

[From The Rise and Fall of Apartheid by LC Clark et al.]

QUESTION 2: WAS THE TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSION (TRC) SUCCESSFUL IN DEALING WITH THE INJUSTICES OF THE PAST?
SOURCE 2A
This source focuses on the role that the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) played in attempting to establish the reasons for the disappearance of anti-apartheid activist, Nokuthula Simelane.

… After the fall of apartheid, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) was instituted (established) as a way of bridging the divide (gap) between the oppressive National Party and the democratic South Africa …
The Simelane family filed her (Nokuthula's) case with the TRC in the hope of resolving (deciding) her case. Five white men applied for amnesty relating to Nokuthula's abduction, torture and disappearance, Willem Helm Johannes Coetzee, Anton Pretorius, Frederick Mong, Frederick Williams and Jacobus Ross. At the TRC a former commander of the Soweto Intelligence Unit (SIU), Willem 'Timol' Coetzee, the man responsible for the disappearance and death of Nokuthula, stated that Nokuthula was alive when he last saw her. The unit had turned her into a spy and redeployed (sent) her back to Swaziland.
Coetzee's argument was countered (opposed) by his colleague, Nimrod Veyi, who confessed that she was tortured and brutally murdered and was buried around the Rustenburg area. The TRC ruled against Coetzee's amnesty with regard to torture, but he was granted amnesty for Nokuthula's abduction (kidnapping). The TRC further awarded amnesty to the other four men (Pretorius, Mong, Williams and Ross) for torturing her. Thus far, no one has come forth and taken responsibility for her disappearance; neither the ANC nor former apartheid security forces have revealed anything about her 'disappearance.'
On 28 November 2009 a life-size statue of Nokuthula was erected and unveiled in Bethal by the Mpumalanga government to honour her legacy and contribution towards the liberation struggle. Furthermore, a documentary on the life and disappearance of Simelane, entitled 'Betrayal', produced by Mark Kaplan, was televised on SABC 1 on 10 April 2006.

[From www.sahistory.org.za/people/nokuthula-orela-simelane.
Accessed on 15 February 2016.]

SOURCE 2B
The cartoon below by Zapiro portrays Desmond Tutu and Alex Borraine leading the TRC up Mount Evidence.

SOURCE 2C
The article below appeared in The Times on 11 February 2016. It was entitled 'Where is my baby's grave?'.

For Ernestina Simelane it's now or never. She hopes that a murder trial will reveal what happened to her daughter, who disappeared 33 years ago on 26 February. She will face the apartheid security branch policemen, Willem Helm Johannes Coetzee, Anton Pretorius, Frederick Barnard Mong and Msebenzi Timothy 'Vastrap' Radebe – who kidnapped Nokuthula Simelane and, the state believes, tortured and murdered the 23-year-old ANC courier.
Mong, Pretorius and Coetzee applied to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission for amnesty for her kidnapping and torture, but not for Simelane's murder. Radebe did not apply for amnesty.
'I am alone. Afraid of dying like my husband, crying out for answers that had never come,' said Simelane. On Monday the National Prosecuting Authority (NPA) announced that Simelane's alleged killers would stand trial for murder. Radebe will also face kidnapping charges.
… It was a cold June morning when Nokuthula Simelane telephoned her mother. 'She called me to say she was safe in Swaziland and would return soon to collect her graduation gown, dress and shoes. I told her not to, that there was trouble, that the police were looking for her. They wanted to catch her to get information she had on the ANC.'
'… I am going to court to get answers. I want answers before they die, before they go to their graves with their horrible secrets. I go to bed and dream … of Nokuthula calling me for help. I want to see my baby's grave, to talk to her, to bring her home and bury her with the dignity she deserves. If only someone can say something, just tell me where she's buried. These men must tell me, so I can die peacefully.'

[From The Times, 11 February 2016]

SOURCE 2D
The extract below focuses on Desmond Tutu's response to the National Prosecuting Authority's (NPA) decision to prosecute the alleged perpetrators in Nokuthula Simelane's murder.

Meanwhile Emeritus Archbishop Desmond Tutu has welcomed the NPA's decision to prosecute Simelane's alleged killers.
'I welcome the decision of the NPA to prosecute some of the suspects implicated in the kidnapping, torture and murder of the young freedom fighter, Nokuthula Simelane, in 1983. It is a most significant and historic decision,' he said in a statement.
Tutu, however, questioned the delay in prosecuting. 'What has taken them so long? Why did the authorities turn their backs on the family of Nokuthula, and so many other families, for so many years? Why did the pleas (requests) of her family fall on deaf ears for decades? Why did it take a substantial application to the High Court to get the National Director of Public Prosecutions and the police to do their jobs? Why did successive South African governments take extraordinary steps to obstruct the course of justice?'
'… I understand that a police docket was opened in 1996 and that the amnesty process in relation to the Simelane case was finalised in 2001. Recommendations on more than 300 cases for prosecution, including this matter, were made to the NPA in 2002. Less than a handful of these cases had been pursued. The civil case brought by the Simelane family in 2015 to compel the NPA to take action reveals that almost immediately after the recommendations were made, the government took steps to close down truth and accountability.'

[From http://www.tutu.org.za. Accessed on 27 February 2016.]

QUESTION 3: HOW DID THE IMPLEMENTATION OF STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAMMES (SAPs) BY INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS AFFECT AFRICAN COUNTRIES?
SOURCE 3A
This source is part of an article by A Ismi entitled 'Impoverishing a Continent: The World Bank and International Monetary Fund in Africa'. It focuses on how African countries became dependent on structural adjustment programmes that were made available by the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF).

The debt crisis in the 1980s gave Washington the opportunity to 'blast open' and fully subordinate (suppress) Third World economies through World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) structural adjustment programmes. Starting in 1980, developing countries were unable to pay back loans taken from Western commercial (profitable) banks which had gone on a huge lending binge (spree) to Third World governments during the mid to late 1970s when rising oil prices had filled up their coffers with petro-dollars.
The World Bank and the IMF imposed Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) on developing countries who needed to borrow money to service their debts. The World Bank's SAPs were first instituted in 1980 which enforced privatisation of industries (including necessities such as healthcare and water), cuts in government spending and imposing (enforcing) user fees, liberalising of capital markets (which leads to unstable trading in currencies), market-based pricing (which tends to raise the cost of basic goods), higher interest rates and trade liberalisation.
SAPs evolved (changed) to cover more and more areas of domestic policy, not only fiscal, monetary and trade policy, but also labour laws, healthcare, environmental regulations, civil service requirements, energy policy and government procurement.
With the imposition of its own SAPs in 1986, the IMF became 'one of the most influential institutions in the world'. Its 2 500 staff dictated the economic conditions of life to over 1,4 billion people living in 75 developing countries. As one observer puts it, 'Never in history has an international agency exercised such authority.'

[From http://www.halifaxinitiative.org/updir/ImpoverishingAContinent.pdf.
Accessed on 16 November 2015.]

SOURCE 3B
This source is part of an interview entitled A View From Inside: The World Bank, conducted by Monte Leach, editor of Share International, with Ismail Serageldin, vice-president for Environmentally Sustainable Development at the World Bank. The interview focused on the controversy regarding structural adjustment programmes.

Monte Leach: One of the most controversial areas of involvement for the bank has been its structural adjustment programmes. Some people argue they hurt the poor by forcing governments to reduce or eliminate subsidies for basic goods in exchange for getting World Bank loans. Is that something that the bank is involved with?

Ismail Serageldin: Sure. But let me backtrack (to explain the background) a bit. The bank is a co-operative (co-worker) of member states. If I have a member state who is in a deep mess, which is usually the case, they don't come for structural adjustment on a pre-emptive (preventive) basis …
If they're in bad shape, there really is very little that you can do at that point in time except deal with the situation as it is. Sound advice up front is not always acceptable to a lot of people because sometimes it's unpleasant.
I had these discussions with a number of African leaders in the 1980s when I was working in Africa at the time. It's not a matter of ideology; it's a matter of arithmetic (mathematics). You have expenditure and you have income, and there's a gap between them. There are only three ways of filling the gap. One is to print money, and that would lead to hyperinflation, and we know what the results of that are. Incidentally, the poor suffer the most from that because the elites usually manage to dollarise (to make more expensive) their holdings. The second way is to borrow. But most of these countries have borrowed to the point where there is a debt crisis. They can't service their debts, and they can't borrow any more by the time they come to us. And therefore the third way that's possible is to reduce spending and increase revenues. There is no fourth way in public finance to deal with this issue …

Monte Leach: Are you saying that structural adjustment programmes don't necessarily have to be a bad thing, that it depends on how they're implemented?

Ismail Serageldin: Exactly. There is a lot of difference in the manner in which you do adjustments.

[From http://www.shareintl.org/archives/economics/ec_mlview_wb.htm.
Accessed on 15 November 2015.]

SOURCE 3C
This source is an extract from an article by R Naiman and N Watkins entitled 'Has Africa "Turned the Corner" in Recent Years?'. It focuses on the impact that structural adjustment programmes had on Africa.

In 1998, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) released a series of publications and public statements claiming credit for an 'African economic renaissance' (revival) and 'a turnaround in growth performance'. The claim from the IMF and World Bank is that structural adjustment is beginning to pay off, at least in microeconomic terms. But examining just-released growth projections by the World Bank, one discovers that the 'growth turnabout' has been short-lived. According to the World Bank, real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita grew by 1,4% in 1996, but by 1997 growth slowed to 0,4% and in 1998 per capita incomes fell by 0,8%. The World Bank projects a further decline of 0,4% in 1999. In short, if there was an 'economic renaissance' for Africa it appears to be over …
The data reviewed in this study suggests that the IMF has failed in Africa, in terms of its own stated objectives and according to its own data. Increasing debt burdens, poor growth performance and the failure of the majority of the population to improve their access to education, healthcare or other basic needs has been the general pattern in countries subject to IMF programmes.
The core elements of IMF structural adjustment programmes have remained remarkably consistent since the early 1980s. Although there has been mounting criticism and calls for reform over the last year and a half, no reforms of the IMF or its policies have been forthcoming …
In the absence of any reform at the IMF for the near future, the need for debt cancellation for Africa is all the more urgent. The enormous debt burden consumed 4,3% of sub-Saharan Africa's gross national product (GNP) in 1997. If these resources had been devoted to investment, the region could have increased its economic growth by nearly a full percentage point – sadly this is more than twice its per capita growth for that year. But the debt burden exacts another price, which may be even higher than the drain of resources out of the country: it provides the means by which the IMF is able to impose the conditions of its structural adjustment programmes on these desperately poor countries.

[From http://www.cerpr.net/documents/publications/debt 1999 04.htm.
Accessed on 15 November 2015.]

SOURCE 3D
This cartoon appeared in Eritrean News and was entitled 'How the World Bank and International Monetary Fund Destroy Africa'. The cartoonist and date of publication is unknown.

[From http://www.tesfanews.net/how-the-world-bank-and-the-imf-destroy-africa/. Accessed on 10 October 2015.]

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Visual sources and other historical evidence were taken from the following:
Mashabela, H. 2006. A People on the Boil: Reflections on June 16, 1976 and Beyond (Jacana Media)
http://azapo.org.za/the-june-16-uprising-ushackled-a-black-perspective/
http://rebeccafjellanddavis.com/june16/youth-day-in-south-africa
http://www.cerpr.net/documents/publications/debt 1999 04.htm
http://www.halifaxinitiative.org/updir/ImpoverishingAContinent.pdf
http://www.shareintl.org/archives/economics/ec_mlview_wb.htm
http://www.tesfanews.net/how-the-world-bank-and-the-imf-destroy-africa/ http://www.tutu.org.za
Clark, LC et al. 2004. The Rise and Fall of Apartheid (Pearson Education) The Sowetan, 1 May 1996
The Times, 11 February 2016
www.sahistory.org.za/people/nokuthula-orela-simelane

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GRADE 12 MATHEMATICAL LITERACY PAPER 2 ADDENDUM - NSC PAST PAPERS AND MEMOS NOVEMBER 2016

GRADE 12 MATHEMATICAL LITERACY
PAPER TWO (P2)
NSC EXAM PAPERS AND MEMOS
NOVEMBER 2016

ADDENDUM

ANNEXURE A
QUESTION 2.1
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF TOURIST SPENDING IN SOUTH AFRICA IN 2013

ANNEXURE B
QUESTION 2.2

Johannesburg to East London = 992 Km
RAILWAY STATION	ARRIVAL	DEPARTURE
Johannesburg to ......... 17:30 day 1
Germiston	17:53 day 1	17:58 day 1
Vereeniging	19:00 day 1	19: 20 day 1
Salsolburg	19:43 day 1	19:48 day 1
Koppies	20:34 day 1	20:36 day 1
Kroonstad	21:42 day 1	21:50 day 1
Hennenman	22:26 day 1	22:28 day 1
Virginia	22:44 day 1	22:46 day 1
Theunissen	23:14 day 1	23:16 day 1
Bloemfontein	00:32 day 2	00:55 day 2
Springfontein	03: 49 day 2	04:15 day 2
Bethulie	05:00 day 2	05:03 day 2
Burgersdrop	06:17 day 2	06:34 day 2
Molteno	07:25 day 2	07:28 day 2
Queenstown	08:58 day 2	09:12 day 2
Stutterheim	11:43 day 2	11:46 day 2
Berlin	12:39 day 2	12:42 day 2
East London	13: 24 day 2

ADULT SINGLE FARE
MONTHS	JANUARY	FEBRUARY	MARCH	APRIL
FARES	R560	R490	R490	R490

[Adapted from: www.southafricanrailways.co.za]
NOTE:

Peak season: Novemeber to January
Children aged 3 to 5
- 50% of adult fare during off-peak season
- 80% of adult fare during peak season
South African senior citizens (55+ years) qaulify for a 25% discoun

ANNEXURE C
QUESTION 3.2
RECORDS OF ATTENDANCE FOR THREE GROUPS OVER A PERIOD OF 18 DAYS (D1-D18)

MORNING GROUP (M)
D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6	D7	D8	D9	D10	D11	D12	D13	D14	D15	D16	D17	D18
20	18	9	10	12	3	15	15	14	8	18	x	19	20	17	x	20	18
AFTERNOON GROUP (A)
D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6	D7	D8	D9	D10	D11	D12	D13	D14	D15	D16	D17	D18
14	12	20	20	16	15	19	20	18	20	19	15	20	11	18	12	20	19
EVENING GROUP (E)
D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6	D7	D8	D9	D10	D11	D12	D13	D14	D15	D16	D17	D18
8	7	8	6	8	6	7	8	8	6	6	7	8	8	8	8	7	8

[source: ww.emorycommunityswimming.com]
BOX AND WHISKER PLOTS REPRESENTING ATTENDAB=NCE FOR MORNING AND AFTERNOON GROUPS OVER A PERIOD OF 18 DAYS

ANNEXURE D
QUESTION 4.2

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GRADE 12 MATHEMATICAL LITERACY PAPER 1 ADDENDUM - NSC PAST PAPERS AND MEMOS NOVEMBER 2016

GRADE 12 MATHEMATICAL LITERACY
PAPER ONE (P1)
NSC EXAM PAPERS AND MEMOS
NOVEMBER 2016

ADDENDUM

ANNEXURE A
QUESTION 1.1

BOOYSEN M 52 BOS STREET BLOEMFONTEIN		Bank Home Loans 1 Enterprise Road, Fairland, 2170 PO Box 1065 Johannesburg, 2000 Enquiries: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Home Loan Statement as on 22 March 2014
Bonded property: Stand 20964, Pellissier 52 Bos Street Bloemfontein	ACCOUNT SUMMARY
	Loan Details
	Registered bond amount		R	466 000,00Dr

	Balance outstanding		R	378 123,87Dr
	Insured value of property		R	1 185 627,28

	Term of loan
	Remaining loan term			12 years 4 months
	Loan end date …

	Interest rate
	Current interest rate			7,25%

	Monthly repayment breakdown
	Basic repayment		R	3 842,45Dr
	House insurance premiums		R	454,37Dr
	Administration fee (including VAT)		R	5,70Dr
	Total repayment		R	4 302,52Dr

Notice: Unpaid debit orders dated 1 October 2013 Due to a bank error the debit order was unpaid on 1 October 2013. The debit order was paid on 2 October 2013. The bank rectified the error by making an adjustment of one day's interest on the debit order amount to the relevant accounts on 14 October 2013. The bank apologises for the error.
Home Loan Transaction History from 22 September 2013 to 22 March 2014
Transaction date	Description	Debits R	Credits R	Balance R
22 Sep 2013	Opening balance	385 127,06		385 127,06Dr
01 Oct 2013	Interest	2 137,43		387 264,49Dr
01 Oct 2013	#Monthly administration fee	5,70		387 270,19Dr
01 Oct 2013	Debit order		4 111,06	383 159,13Dr
01 Oct 2013	Unpaid debit order	4 111,06		387 270,19Dr
02 Oct 2013	Debit order		4 111,06	383 159,13Dr
14 Oct 2013	Adjustment			383 158,37Dr
28 Oct 2013	House owner's insurance	5 275,04		388 433,41Dr
01 Nov 2013	Interest	2 201,26		390 634,67Dr
01 Nov 2013	#Monthly administration fee	5,70		390 640,37Dr
01 Nov 2013	Debit order		4 200,42	386 439,95Dr
01 Dec 2013	Interest	2 143,95		388 583,90Dr
02 Dec 2013	#Monthly administration fee	5,70		388 589,60Dr
02 Dec 2013	Debit order		4 200,42	384 389,18Dr
01 Jan 2014	Interest	2 204,43		386 593,61Dr
02 Jan 2014	# Monthly administration fee	5,70		386 599,31Dr
02 Jan 2014	Debit order		4 200,42	382 398,89Dr
01 Feb 2014	Interest	2 203,50		384 602,39Dr
01 Feb 2014	#Monthly administration fee	5,70		384 608,09Dr
01 Feb 2014	Debit order		4 302,52	380 305,57Dr
01 Mar 2014	Interest	2 115,12		382 420,69Dr
01 Mar 2014	#Monthly administration fee	5,70		382 426,39Dr
01 Mar 2014	Debit order		4 302,52	378 123,87Dr
22 Mar 2014	Closing balance			378 123,87Dr

ANNEXURE B
QUESTION 3.1
SEATING PLAN OF AN OPEN-AIR ARENA WITH 432 SEATS

ANNEXURE C
QUESTION 3.2
ASSEMBLY DIAGRAMS FOR A FLOOR LAMP

ANNEXURE D
QUESTION 5
TABLE 4: AVERAGE LOCAL PRICE OF A BIG MAC BURGER AND A 2-LITRE COLA WITH EXCHANGE RATES AS ON 30 APRIL 2016

COUNTRY	EXCHANGE RATES (AS ON 30/04/2016)	2 ℓ COLA	BIG MAC BURGER	BIG MAC BURGER PRICE IN RAND (R)
South Africa		R16	R50	R50
Brazil	1 Brazilian real equals 4,14 South African rand	R$ 5,81	R$ 23	R95,22
China	1 South African rand equals 0,46 Chinese yuan	¥ 7	¥ 32	R69,57
Egypt	1 Egyptian pound equals 1,60 South African rand	E£ 8	E£ 39	R62,40
India	B	₨ 74	₨ 267	R56,07
Germany	1 euro equals 16,28 South African rand	€ 1,68	A	R113,96
New Zealand	1 New Zealand dollar equals 9,93 South African rand	NZ$ 3,40	NZ$10	R99,30
Singapore	1 South African rand equals 0,095 Singaporean dollar	SGD $ 2,50	SGD $ 8,00	R84,21
United Arab Emirates	1 United Arab Emirates dirham equals 3,87 rand	Dh 4,82	Dh 24	R92,88
United Kingdom	1 South African rand equals 0,048 British pound	£ 1,80	£ 5,70	R118,75
United States of America	1 South African rand equals 0,070 US dollar	$ 1,94	$ 6,69	R95,57

[Source: www.expatistan.com> cost of living]

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GRADE 12 MATHEMATICAL LITERACY PAPER 1 QUESTIONS - NSC PAST PAPERS AND MEMOS NOVEMBER 2016

GRADE 12 MATHEMATICAL LITERACY
PAPER ONE (P1)
NSC EXAM PAPERS AND MEMOS
NOVEMBER 2016

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

This question paper consists of FIVE questions. Answer ALL the questions.
1. Use the ANNEXURES in the ADDENDUM to answer the following questions:
  ANNEXURE A for QUESTION 1.1
  ANNEXURE B for QUESTION 3.1
  ANNEXURE C for QUESTION 3.2
  ANNEXURE D for QUESTION 5
2. Answer QUESTION 1.2.4(a) on the attached ANSWER SHEET 1.
  Answer QUESTION 4.2.6 on the attached ANSWER SHEET 2.
3. Write your centre number and examination number in the spaces on the ANSWER SHEETS. Hand in the ANSWER SHEETS with your ANSWER BOOK.
Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper.
Start EACH question on a NEW page.
You may use an approved calculator (non-programmable and non-graphical), unless stated otherwise,
Show ALL calculations clearly.
Round off ALL final answers appropriately according to the given context, unless stated otherwise.
Indicate units of measurement, where applicable.
Maps and diagrams are NOT necessarily drawn to scale, unless stated otherwise.
Write neatly and legibly.

QUESTIONS

QUESTION 1
1.1

ANNEXURE A shows a home loan statement and transaction history for the period 22 September 2013 to 22 March 2014.

NOTE:

The period of the home loan is 20 years.
The monthly administration fee remains constant throughout the period of the loan.
The interest rate changed only once during this statement period.

Use ANNEXURE A to answer the questions that follow.

1.1.1 Give the name of the borrower.
1.1.2 State the end date (month and year) of the loan. (2)
1.1.3 Calculate the difference between the insured value of the property and the registered bond amount.  (2)
1.1.4 Determine the total administration fee payable for the whole loan period.  (3)
1.1.5 On 30 January 2014 the interest rate was decreased by 0,5%.
Find the interest rate used before 30 January 2014.  (2)
1.1.6 Calculate the VAT amount that is included in the monthly administration fee.  (3)
1.1.7 Explain the term home loan.  (2)
1.1.8 Choose ONE of the following statements that correctly explains why the interest amounts charged for February and March are different:  (2)

1. The interest rate changed.
2. Interest is charged on the daily outstanding balance.
3. The amount of interest decreases monthly. (2)

1.1.9 Due to a bank error the debit order was unpaid on 1 October 2013. The debit order was paid on 2 October 2013. The bank rectified the error by making an adjustment, as shown in the statement.

1. Calculate the adjustment amount. (2)
2. Hence, state whether this adjustment amount should be reflected as a debit or a credit. (2)

1.1.10 Calculate the amount of interest due on 1 April 2014 to be shown on the next statement. (3)
You may use the formula:

Interest = B × n × r where
365
B = balance on 1% of the previous month
n= the number of days in the month
r= the interest rate

1.2

Khumu is planning an event to raise funds for needy learners.

Part of her plan is to find a suitable venue for about 200 to 300 people. She obtains quotations from three different service providers. Each venue had a fixed rental cost as well as a variable cost per person.
TABLE 1 below shows the costing structure of these three venues.

TABLE 1: VENUE COSTING STRUCTURE

VENUE	FIXED RENTAL COST	VARIABLE COSTY PER PERSON
Avon	R3 000	R75
Beach hotel	R6 000	R45
Castle	R11 000	R25

The graphs representing the total cost of the three venues are given on ANSWER SHEET 1.

Use the information in the table above and the graphs on ANSWER SHEET 1 to answer the questions that follow.

1.2.1 Explain the term variable cost in this context. (2)

1.2.2 Calculate the exact total cost of renting the Beach Hotel venue for 230 people.
You may use the following formula:
Total cost (in rand) = fixed cost + 230 x variable cost (3)

1.2.3 Determine:

1. The cheapest venue if only 90 persons attend the event (2)
2. The maximum number of people that can attend the event if the total cost of the venue is R15 000 (2)

1.2.4 Khumu sells the tickets for R150 each.

1. Draw the income graph from the sale of up to 200 tickets on the same grid as the total cost graphs on ANSWER SHEET 1. (4)
2. Calculate the total profit to be made if she rents the Castle venue and pays for 250 people, but sells only 194 tickets. (5)

[43]

QUESTION 2
2.1

Kataryna is planning a fashion show and intends using the school hall for the event. The hall has a stage and she plans to have a raised T-shaped platform, called a runway, erected in front of the stage, as shown in the diagrams below.

The SEVEN exposed rectangular sides of the T-shaped runway will be covered with material. The top of the runway will be carpeted. The total length of the runway is equal to į of the length of the hall.

[Adapted from www.jerichostage.com]

2.1.1 Calculate:

1. The missing value d (in mm) (3)
2. The total length (in mm) of the exposed sides of the runway (3)
  The area (in m2) of the runway that needs to be covered with carpet (4)
  You may use the following formula:
  Area of a rectangle = length x width
3. The length (in m) of the hall (3)

2.1.2 Harry, a British model, wants to know the measurement (in feet) of the front end of the runway. (3)
Convert 4,2 m to feet, rounded off to one decimal place.
NOTE: 1 foot = 0,3048 m

2.2

The organisers of the fashion show decide to hand out chocolates to the audience at the entrance. The pictures and diagrams below show the two different containers in which the chocolates will be packed.

2.2.1 Determine A, the length (in cm) of ONE side of the square base. You may use the following formula:
Volume of box with square base = (side)² x height (4)
2.2.2 The organisers of the fashion show want to use their own label around the outer curved side of the cylindrical container. The label will be 1 cm longer than the circumference of the circular base to allow for an overlap.
Determine the total area (to the nearest cm²) of all the labels that will be required for 76 cylindrical containers. (4)
You may use the following formula:
Area of one label (in cm²) = (1 + 2π × r ] × height
using π = 3,142
2.2.3 Show, with calculations, that the volume of the cylindrical container is 238,99 cm³ more than the volume of the container with the square base. (3)
You may use the following formula:
Volume of cylinder = π × r² x height
using π = 3,142
2.2.4 State the most appropriate metric unit of measure for the mass of a container of chocolates. (2)

[29]

QUESTION 3
3.1

Rahim's favourite band is performing at an open-air arena. The seating plan of the arena is shown in ANNEXURE B.

Use ANNEXURE B to answer the questions that follow.

3.1.1 Determine the total number of seats available in the middle block. (3)
3.1.2 Give the compass direction from seat E12 towards the stage. (2)
3.1.3 Rahim is seated exactly in the middle of a row in the middle block. The row he is seated in has an odd number of seats and is furthest from the stage. Name the row and seat number where he is seated. (3)
3.1.4 Mali is seated at D14. She decides to go to the refreshment stand which is directly east of the lighting box. Give the directions for the route from her seat to the refreshment stand. (4)
3.1.5 Determine the probability of randomly choosing a spectator to join the band on the stage if 871% of all the seats in the arena are occupied. (3)
3.1.6 It is predicted that it is most unlikely that it will rain on the night of the performance. Choose ONE of the values below that best describes this probability:
1,0 ½ 0,0 40% ³/₅ 0,8 20% (2)

3.2 ANNEXURE C shows the assembly diagrams for a floor lamp.
Use ANNEXURE C to answer the questions that follow.

3.2.1 Refer to DIAGRAM 4.

1. Must the nut be screwed or unscrewed? (2)
2. Give the direction in which the nut should be turned. (2)

3.2.2 How many screws are needed to assemble the lamp shade? (2)
3.2.3 Which diagram is associated with the instruction: 'Join the stand to the base."? (2)
3.2.4 The total height of the floor lamp in the picture is 62 mm.
Determine the actual height (in m) of the floor lamp if the scale of the diagram is 1 : 30. (3)

[28]

QUESTION 4
4.1

The motorcycle land-speed record is the fastest speed achieved by a motorcyclist on land.
TABLE 2 below shows the motorcycle land-speed records from 1930 to 2010.

TABLE 2: MOTORCYCLE LAND-SPEED RECORDS IN MILES PER HOUR

YEAR	SPEED	RIDER	YEAR	SPEED	RIDER
1930	137,23	Joseph S Wright	1956	214,50	John Allen
1930	137,58	Ernst J Henne	1962	224,57	William Johnson
1930	150,65	Joseph S Wright	1966	245,67	Robert Leppan
1932	151,77	Ernst J Henne	1970	254,84	Cal Rayborn
1934	152,81	Ernst J Henne	1975	302,92	Don Vesco
1935	159,01	Ernst J Henne	1978	318,60	Don Vesco
1936	168,92	Ernst J Henne	1990	322,15	Dave Campos
1937	169,68	Eric Fernihough	2006	342,80	Rocky Robinson
1937	170,27	Piero Taruffii	2006	350,88	Chris Carr
1937	173,68	Ernst J Henne	2008	360,91	Rocky Robinson
1951	180,29	Wilhelem Wright	2009	367,38	Chris Carr
1955	184,83	Russell Wright	2010	376,36	Rocky Robinson
1956	193,73	John Allen

[Adapted from Wikipedia/Landspeedrecords]

Use TABLE 2 to answer the questions that follow.

4.1.1 Determine the difference between the highest and lowest land-speed records that were set between 1950 and 2000. (3)
4.1.2 Determine the number of riders that set new land-speed records from 1930 to 2010. (2)
4.1.3 Identify the TWO years during which the land-speed record remained unbroken for the longest time AND also state the number of years the record remained unbroken. (3)
4.1.4 Name the rider that held the land-speed record the most number of times AND also state how many times this rider held the record. (3)
4.1.5 Determine the probability (as a percentage) of randomly selecting a land speed record in TABLE 2 that was set during the 219 century. (3)

4.2

TABLE 3 below shows the numbers and percentages of children from three age groups who did not attend any South African educational institution from 2002 to 2009.
TABLE 3: NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGES OF CHILDREN NOT ATTENDING ANY SOUTH AFRICAN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION FROM 2002 TO 2009

YEAR	AGE GROUPS
	7 to 15		16 to 18		7 to 18
	Number of children	%	Number of children	%	Number of children	%
2002	345 501	3,7	514 534	17,6	860 035	7,0
2003	265 328	2,8	522 914	17,2	788 242	6,4
2004	216 678	2,3	520 016	17,3	736 694	6,3
2005	209 309	2,2	539 177	17,8	A	6,0
2006	227 324	2,4	551 628	17,5	778 951	6,2
2007	200 520	2,1	477 411	14,8	677 931	5,4
2008	194 901	B	525 200	16,2	720 101	5,7
2009	142 843	1,5	519 576	16,7	662 419	5,3

[Adapted from www.statssa.co.za

Use TABLE 3 to answer the questions that follow.

4.2.1 State why the data for the number of children is regarded as discrete data. (2)
4.2.2 Identify the age group where the majority of children did not attend any educational institution.  (2)
4.2.3 Give the year during which the age group 16 to 18 showed the best attendance.  (2)
4.2.4 Determine the missing value A.  (2)
4.2.5 Determine the missing value B, if the total number of children in that age group was 9 281 000 in 2008.  (3)
4.2.6 Draw a broken line graph on ANSWER SHEET 2 to represent the percentage of children in the age group 16 to 18 not attending any educational institution from 2002 to 2009  (5)

[30]

QUESTION 5

One of the ways to compare the purchasing power of one country's currency to another country's currency is to compare the local price of common items that are available in all the countries.

The average local price of a Big Mac burger and a 2 { cola as well as the exchange rates are given in TABLE 4 in ANNEXURE D.

Use ANNEXURE D to answer the questions that follow.

5.1 Identify the country that has the strongest currency in comparison to the rand. (2)
5.2 Calculate the price in rand that you will pay for a 2 { cola in the United States of America. (2)
5.3 Determine the missing values:

5.3.1 A (2)
5.3.2 B, the value of ONE Indian rupee in rand (2)

5.4 Determine the simplified ratio of the Singapore price of a Big Mac Burger to a 2 { cola.   (3)
5.5 Identify the TWO countries that have almost similar purchasing power.  (2)
5.6 Define the term median.   (2)
5.7 Use the prices in rand for a Big Mac Burger to do the following:

5.7.1 Arrange the data in descending order (2)
5.7.2 Calculate the mean price (3)

[20]
TOTAL: 150

ANSWER SHEET I
CENTRE NUMBER:

EXAMINATION NUMBER:

QUESTION 1.2.4(a)

ANSWER SHEET 2
CENTRE NUMBER:

EXAMINATION NUMBER:

QUESTION 4.2.6

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Friday, 11 June 2021 12:35

GRADE 12 MATHEMATICAL LITERACY PAPER 2 QUESTIONS - NSC PAST PAPERS AND MEMOS NOVEMBER 2016

GRADE 12 MATHEMATICAL LITERACY
PAPER TWO (P2)
NSC EXAM PAPERS AND MEMOS
NOVEMBER 2016

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

This question paper consists of FOUR questions. Answer ALL the questions.
Use the ADDENDUM with ANNEXURES to answer the following questions:
ANNEXURE A for QUESTION 2.1
ANNEXURE B for QUESTION 2.2
ANNEXURE C for QUESTION 3.2
ANNEXURE D for QUESTION 4.2
Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper.
Start EACH question on a NEW page.
You may use an approved calculator (non-programmable and non-graphical), unless stated otherwise.
Show ALL calculations clearly.
Round off ALL final answers appropriately according to the given context, unless stated otherwise.
Indicate units of measurement, where applicable.
Maps and diagrams are NOT drawn to scale, unless stated otherwise.
Write neatly and legibly.

QUESTIONS

QUESTION 1
1.1

A company installed computers at a computer centre in October 2015. The manager used a bank account to pay the employees' wages for the project.
Below is a comparison of the cash-withdrawal fee structures of two banks in 2015 and the percentage changes in fees from 2014, as well as the calendar for October 2015.
TABLE 1: CASH-WITHDRAWAL FEE STRUCTURE OF TWO BANKS

BANK	2015 FEE	FEE PER R1	% CHANGE FEE PER BANK FROM 2014
X	R3,95 + R1,30 per R100	......	3,0
Y	R4,00 + 1,15% of withdrawal amount	R15,50	A

[Source: http://businesstech.co.za/news/banking/south-african-banking-fees-2015)

CALENDER OCTOBER 2015
Sun.	Mon.	Tue.	Wed.	Thur.	Fri.	Sat.
1	2	3	4	5	6	7
8	9	10	11	12	13	14
15	16	17	18	19	20	21
22	23	24	25	26	27	28
29	30	31

NOTE: Employees did not work over weekends

Use TABLE 1 and the calendar above to answer the following questions.

1.1.1 Determine the probability of randomly selecting a workday in October 2015 with a date that is an even number. (3)
1.1.2 Give ONE valid reason why a company will not necessarily use a bank offering the lowest bank charges. (2)
1.1.3 Determine the missing value of A (rounded off to ONE decimal place) if the 2014 withdrawal fee was equal to:

(R3,50 + 1,1% of the withdrawal amount)
You may use the following formula:
Percentage change in fees = [ 2015 fee per R1 000 - 1] × 100%
2014 fee per R1 000

1.1.4 The company withdrew R15 000 for the weekly wages every Friday. The financial officer stated that the company would have saved more than R90 in withdrawal fees if they had used Bank Y rather than Bank X for the four withdrawals.
Verify whether this statement is valid. (7)
1.1.5 Calculate an employee's total monthly wage if he earned R2 142,85 per week in October 2015. Assume that the employee was not absent and did not work overtime in this month. (4)

1.2

Since 2012 there has been a decrease in the number of computers shipped globally.
TABLE 2 below shows the changes in the number of computers shipped globally by the five largest computer manufacturers worldwide in the first quarter of 2012 and the first quarter of 2013.
TABLE 2: GLOBAL SHIPMENT OF COMPUTERS BY THE FIVE LARGEST COMPUTER MANUFACTURERS

COMPUTER MANUFACTURERS	NUMBER OF COMPUTERS (IN MILLIONS) COMPUTER
COMPUTER MANUFACTURERS	FIRST QUARTER 2012	FIRST QUARTER 2013
A	15,7	12,0
B	11,7	11,7
C	10,1	9,0
D	9,0	6,2
E	5,4	4,4

[Source: www.slate.com]

Use the information in TABLE 2 above to answer the following questions.

1.2.1 Give and explain TWO possible factors that could have led to the decrease in the global shipment of computers since 2012. (4)
1.2.2 Determine the difference between the total number of computers shipped globally by the five manufacturers in the first quarter of 2012 and the first quarter of 2013. (4)
1.2.3 It was stated that in this period, manufacturer A showed a greater percentage decrease in the shipment of computers compared with manufacturer D.
Verify (showing ALL calculations, whether this statement is valid. (7)

[36]

QUESTION 2
2.1

A representative of the Department of Tourism gave an overview of the spending by all tourists (domestic and international) in 2013.
The total amount spent by all tourists in 2013 showed an annual growth of 9,7% from the previous year.
The impact of tourism on the South African economy is represented graphically in ANNEXURE A.

Use the information above and ANNEXURE A to answer the following questions.

2.1.1

(a) Calculate the total amount spent by all tourists in 2012. (3)
(b) Explain whether it is more appropriate to round off the rand value of the total amount spent in billions to one decimal place, rather than rounding off the rand value of the total amount spent in billions to the nearest whole number. (3)

2.1.2 The average amount spent by international tourists in 2013 was exactly R6 580. Verify, showing ALL calculations, whether this amount is CORRECT. (6)
2.1.3 Identify the item(s) on which international tourists spent the least money. (2)
2.1.4 Give ONE suitable example of a 'tourism-related item'. (2)
2.1.5 The tourism industry's direct contribution to the gross domestic product (GDP) was R103,6 billion in 2013.
The tourism industry's annual contribution to the GDP remained constant at an annual compound interest rate of 2,9% for the next three years.
Determine the total amount (rounded off to the nearest million) that the tourism industry contributed to the GDP in 2016. (6)

2.2

Tourists can travel by train as one of the modes of transport in South Africa.
A South African tourist took a trip on the Shosholoza Meyl from Johannesburg to East London.
The tourist was accompanied by her father (born in 1959), her husband and her two children (aged 3 years and 6 years).
The family departed from 7 February 2016.
Johannesburg on 27 January 2016 and returned on The information about the train schedules and fares for 2016 is shown in ANNEXURE B.

Use ANNEXURE B to answer the following questions.

2.2.1

1. Calculate the total stopover time at all the railway stations between Johannesburg and East London. (5)
2. Hence, determine the modal stopover time at the railway stations. (2)
3. Determine the average speed at which the train travelled from Johannesburg to East London.
  You may use the following formula:
  D=SXT
  where
  D = distance (in km)
  S = average speed (in km/h)
  T = time in hours (h), excluding stopover times at railway stations (7)

2.2.2 Calculate the total cost of the return train trip for the family. (11)

[47]

QUESTION 3
3.1

Simone uses the local swimming pool to give swimming lessons.
The rectangular pool has a shallow section, C, a deep end, A, and a sloping section, B, as shown in the various views below.

The capacity of section B of the swimming pool is 300 m³.
You may use the following formula:
Volume of a rectangular prism = length x width x height
NOTE:

1 gallon = 3,785 litres
1 m³ = 1 000 L

3.1.1 Show, with calculations, that the maximum capacity of the swimming pool is 765 m³. (5)
3.1.2 Calculate the volume of water (in gallons) required to fill the swimming pool to 94% of its capacity. (4)
3.1.3 The pool must be topped up with 135 000 l of water due to water loss. The pool is filled with water at a constant rate of 2 350 litres per hour. Simone says that it will take exactly 2½ days to top up the pool. Verify, showing ALL calculations, if her statement is valid. (5)

3.2

Swimming lessons are offered four times a week to three different groups.
The morning group (M) and afternoon group (A) each has 20 registered participants. The evening group (E) has 8 registered participants.
ANNEXURE C shows the attendance records for the three groups over a period of 18 days, as well as corresponding box and whisker plots representing the attendance of groups M and A.

Use ANNEXURE C to answer the following questions.

3.2.1 Determine missing value x if the mean attendance for M is 15. (4)
3.2.2 Determine the interquartile range for A. (4)
3.2.3 Give a possible reason why E has full attendance on more days than M. (2)
3.2.4 Determine the probability (expressed as a whole percentage) of randomly choosing a day on which A has full attendance. (3)
3.2.5 Give TWO reasons why the attendance of A is considered to be better than that of M by using the box and whisker plots. (4)

[31]

QUESTION 4

4.1

In 2015 Keitumetse participated in the Oakland Marathon and the San Francisco Marathon.
The graphs indicating the height above sea level of the Oakland and San Francisco Marathons are shown below.

NOTE:

26,21875 miles = 26 miles + 385 yards
1 foot = 0,3038 m

Use the graphs above to answer the following questions.

4.1.1 Show by calculation that one mile is equivalent to 1 760 yards. (2)
4.1.2 Determine the approximate distance (in miles) from the start of the San Francisco Marathon to where the height above sea level rises steeply for the first time. (2)
4.1.3 Calculate the maximum height above sea level (in metres) for the Oakland Marathon. (3)
4.1.4 An Oakland Marathon participant stated that the first 10 miles had been the most difficult, but thereafter it was much easier. Give a possible reason for this participant's statement. (2)

4.2

Keitumetse also visited the Denver Zoo during his stay in America. The layout plan of the zoo, showing some animal enclosures and a map of the surrounding area, is given in ANNEXURE D.

Use ANNEXURE D to answer the following questions.

4.2.1 Determine the total number of venues that are available for services and education. (2)
4.2.2 Keitumetse entered the zoo, passed the predator enclosure and continued walking in a westerly direction. Name the next major animal enclosure that he will encounter. (2)
4.2.3 If the area of the elephant enclosure is approximately the size of the area of four football fields, estimate the area of the entire zoo in terms of the area of football fields. (4)
4.2.4 The shortest distance between York Street and Colorado Street is 1,6 km. Verify (showing ALL calculations) whether the bar scale on the map is correct. (7)

4.3

The bar graphs below show the number of visitors per hour entering the Denver Zoo on four days of the week.

[Adapted from Wikipedia/Denver Zoo]

Use the graph above to answer the following questions.

4.3.1 According to the graph, on which day do most people visit the zoo? (2)
4.3.2 Give ONE reason why it cannot be said with certainty that 12:00 on a Monday is NOT a very popular time for visitors to enter the zoo. (2)
4.3.3 Describe TWO possible trends that relate to the number of visitors and the hourly times visitors enter the zoo.(4)
4.3.4 Keitumetse states that at 09:00 on Saturdays the number of visitors entering the gates is nearly double the number of visitors at 09:00 on Tuesdays.
Give TWO reasons to justify this statement. (4)

[36]
TOTAL: 150

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Friday, 11 June 2021 09:50

GRADE 12 MATHEMATICAL LITERACY PAPER 2 MEMORANDUM - NSC PAST PAPERS AND MEMOS NOVEMBER 2016

GRADE 12 MATHEMATICAL LITERACY
PAPER TWO (P2)
NSC EXAM PAPERS AND MEMOS
NOVEMBER 2016

Symbol	Explanation
M	Method
MA	Method with accuracy
CA	Consistent accuracy
A	Accuracy
C	Conversion
S	Simplification
RT/RG/RD	Reading from a table/graph/map/diagram
SF	Correct substitution in a formula
O	Opinion/reason/deduction/example
P	Penalty, e.g. for no units, incorrect rounding off, etc.
R	Rounding off
NP	No penalty for rounding
AO	Answer only full marks
J	Justification

MEMORANDUM

QUESTION 1 [36 MARKS]
Ques	Solution	Explanation	T&L
1.1.1	P(_{even number date}) = 11 ✔✔A 22 ✔A = ½ or 0,5 or 50%	2A numerator 1A denominator AO (3)	P L2
1.1.2	Quality of bank services / security / perks. ✔✔O OR Proximity or accessibility of the bank. ✔✔O OR Marketing/advertising appeal ✔✔O OR Loyalty to bank ✔✔O OR Religious reasons / Economical reasons ✔✔O Any other suitable reason	2O reason (2)	F L4
1.1.3	2014 Fee = R3,50 + 1,1% × R1 000 ✔SF = R14,50 ✔CA % change =[ R15,50 −1] × 100% ✔SF [ R14, 50 ] = R1,00 × 100% R14,50 = 6, 8965517… ✔CA A ≈ 6,9% ✔R OR % change = [ R15,50 - 1 ] × 100% ✔SF [ R3,50 0,011 R1000 ] ✔SF = [R15,50 − 1 ] × 100% R14,50 ✔CA = 6,8965517… ✔CA A ≈ 6,9% ✔R	1SF substituting R1000 1CA 2014 fee 1SF correct values 1CA simplification 1R rounding OR 1SF correct values 1SF substituting R1000 1CA 2014 fee 1CA simplification 1R rounding (5)	F L2

Ques

Solution

Explanation

T&L

1.1.4

Withdrawal fee R15 000 at Bank X
✔SF
= R3,95 + 0,013 × R15 000
= R198,95 ✔CA
Fees for 4 withdrawals
= R198,95 × 4
✔CA
= R795,80

Withdrawal fee for R15 000 at Bank Y
= R4,00 + R15 000 × 1,15%
= R176,50 ✔CA
Fees for 4 withdrawals = 4 × R176,50
✔CA
= R706,00
Difference in fees = R795,80 – R706,00
✔CA
= R89,80
✔O
It is NOT VALID.

OR

Withdrawal fee R15 000 at Bank X
✔MA
= R3,95 + 0,013 × R15 000
= R198,95 ✔CA

Withdrawal fee for R15 000 at Bank Y
= R4,00 + R15 000 × 1,15%
= R176,50 ✔CA
✔CA
Difference in fees = R198,95 – R176,50 = R22,45
✔M
Saving on 4 withdrawals = R22,45× 4 = R89,80 ✔CA
✔O
It is NOT VALID

OR

1SF substituting
1CA weekly charges
1CA fees for 4 withdrawals
1CA charges
1CA fees for 4 withdrawals
1CA difference
1O conclusion

OR

1MA substituting
1CA weekly charges
1CA charges
1CA difference
1M fees for 4 withdrawals
1CA October charges
1O conclusion

OR

F

L4

Ques

Solution

Explanation

T&L

Bank X:
Fee per R1 000 = R3,95 + R1,30 ÷ 100 × 1 000
= R16,95 ✔
Withdrawal fee for R15 000 = R16,95 × 15
= R254,25 ✔
For 4 withdrawals : R254,25 × 4
= R1 017 ✔
Bank Y:
Withdrawal fee for 4 times R15 000
= R15,50 × 4 × 15
= R930 ✔
Difference in fees = R1 017 – R930 = R87
It is NOT VALID ✔

1MA substituting
1CA weekly charges
1M fees for 4 withdrawals
1CA charges
1CA October charges
1CA difference
1O conclusion
(Max of 6 marks for a total withdrawal of R60 000 .)

(7)

1.1.5

Wage for 4 full weeks = R2 142,85 × 4
= R8 571,40
Wage for 2 days = R2142,85 × 2
5
= R857,14
Total wage = R8 571,40 + R857,14
= R9 428,54 ✔CA

OR

Average day wage = R2142,85 OR R2142,85 × 4
5 20
= R428,57
Total wage for October = 22 × R428,57
= R9 428,54 ✔

OR

2 days of a five day week = ²/₅ of a week ✔
Total number of weeks = 4²/₅ OR 4,4 ✔
Total wage for October =4²/₅ × R2142,85 52 ✔
= R9 428,54 ✔

OR

1A 4 weeks wage
1M divide by 5
1M multiply by2
1CA total wage

OR

1M divide by 5
1A daily wage
1M multiply by 22
1CA total wage

OR

1M divide by 5
1A number of weeks
1M multiply by weekly wage
1CA total wage

OR

F

L2

Ques	Solution	Explanation	T&L
	✓M Monthly wage = R2142,85 × 52 ✓A 12 ✓MA = R9 285,68 ✓CA	1M multiplying 1A 52 weeks in year 1MA dividing by 12 1CA total wage (4)
1.2.1	More small/local companies may have entered the market ✓✓O The increased use of smartphones, laptops and tablets ✓✓O Locally produced no need to import. ✓✓O Cost of transport increased ✓✓O Economical reasons / factors ✓✓O Maritime piracy / security ✓✓O Other means of transport used ✓✓O Durability - demand for new computers became less Or any other valid factors with reasons ✓✓O	2O factor with reason 2O factor with reason (4)	D L4
1.2.2	Q1 of 2012: ✔MA (15,7 + 11,7 + 10,1 + 9 + 5,4 ) million ✔CA = 51,9 million or 51 900 000 Q1 of 2013: = ( 12 + 11,7 + 9 + 6,2 + 4,4 ) million ✔MA = 43,3 million or 43 300 000 Difference between 2013 and 2012 ✔CA = 51,9 mil – 43,3 mil = 8,6 million or 8 600 000 OR	1MA adding correct values 1CA total shipment in 2012 1MA total shipment in 2013 1CA difference in million OR	D L2

Ques	Solution	Explanation	T&L
	Differences (in millions) for A = 15,7 – 12,0 = 3,7 ✔A B = 11,7 – 11,7 = 0 C = 10,1 – 9,0 = 1,1 ✔A D = 9,0 – 6,2 = 2,8 E = 5,4 – 4,4 = 1 ✔M Total difference = (3,7 + 1,1 + 2,8 + 1) million = 8,6 million ✔CA	2A differences in millions 1M adding all differences 1CA total difference in million Penalty if million omitted (4)
1.2.3	✔RT ✔M % change A = 12 000 000 -15 700 000 × 100 % 15 700 000 = – 23,56687898% ✔CA ✔RT % change D = 6 200 000 - 9 000 000 × 100 % ✔M 9 000 000 = – 31,11111111% ✔CA The statement is NOT VALID. ✔O OR Percentage of 2012 shipped in 2013: ✔RT By A: 12,0 × 100% 15,7 = 76,43% ✔A ∴ Percentage decrease = 100% – 76,43% = 23,57% ✔M ✔RT By D: 6,2 × 100% 9 = 68,89% ✔A ✔M ∴ Percentage decrease = 100% – 68,89% = 31,11% ✔O D shows the greatest decrease, the statement is NOT VALID	1RT correct values 1M calculating % change 1CA % change 1RT correct values 1M calculating % change 1CA % change 1O conclusion OR 1RT correct values 1A percentage 1M % change 1RT correct values 1A percentage 1M % change 1O conclusion	D L4
		NP
		(7)
		[36]

QUESTION 2 [47 MARKS]

Ques

Solution

Explanation

T&L

2.1.1

(a)

✔A
Amount × 109,7% = R218,9 billion
Total amount spent = R218,9 billion
109,7% ✔M
= R199 544 211 500 ✔CA

OR

R199,54 billion or R1,9954 × 10¹¹

1A correct value and %

1M dividing by

109,7%

1CA total amount

F

L2

NP

(3)

2.1.1

(b)

✔A
It is more appropriate to round to one decimal place.
If a rand value in billions is rounded off to a whole number, the amount that is added or lost is hundreds of millions of rands. ✔✔O

OR

✔A
It is not appropriate to round to off to a whole number since it has a big financial implication✔✔O

1A statement
2O explanation
(Note: More appropriate can be implied in the statement)

(3)

F

L4

2.1.2

✔A ✔A
International: 43% of R 218,9 billion = R94,127 billion
Number of visitors = 14,3 million or 14 300 000

Average spent per visitor = R94 127 000 000  ✔C
14 300 000 ✔MA
= R6 582,31  ✔CA
This is NOT correct.  ✔O

OR

✔A ✔A
International: 43% × R 218,9 billion = R94,127 billion
Average spent per visitor = R94,127 × 1000 million ✔C
14,3million ✔MA
= R6 582,31 ✔CA
This is NOT correct. ✔O

OR

1A percentage
1A amount
1C conversion
1MA average
1CA value
1O conclusion

OR

1A percentage
1A amount
1C conversion
1MA average
1CA value
1O conclusion

OR

F

L3

Ques	Solution	Explanation	T&L
	Amount spent by the International visitors ✔MA = R6 580 × 14,3 million ✔A ✔C = R94 094 million = R94,094 billion But spent by international tourists is ✔A ✔A 43% × R 218,9 billion = R94,127 billion The amount was NOT CORRECT✔O	1MA multiplying 1A amount 1C conversion 1A percentage 1A amount 1O conclusion (6)
2.1.3	Air transport and road transport ✔A✔A	1A for each item (2)	F L2
2.1.4	Payment of tourism levy ✔✔O OR Purchase of souvenirs ✔✔O OR Entrance fees to tourist attractions ✔✔O OR Any other suitable example ✔✔O	2O example (2)	F L4
2.1.5	Growth in 2014 = 2,9% × R103,6 billion ✔M = R3,0044 billion ✔M GDP contribution (2014) = (R3,0044 + R103,6) billion = R106,6044 billion ✔CA Growth in 2015 = 2,9% × R106,6044 billion = R3,0915276 billion ✔CA GDP contribution (2015) = (R3,0915276 + R106,6044) billion = R109,6959276 billion Growth in 2016 = 2,9% × R109,6959276 billion = R3,1811819 billion GDP contribution (2016) = (R3,1811819 + R109,6959276) bil. = R112,8771095 billion ✔CA = R112 877 million ✔R or R112 877 000 000 or R112,877 billion OR	1M multiplying 1M adding 1CA amount in 2014 1CA amount in 2015 1CA amount in 2016 1R correct rounding OR

Ques	Solution	Explanation	T&L
2.1.5	✔A ✔M GDP contribution (2014) = 102,9% × R103,6 billion = 106,6044 billion ✔CA GDP contribution 2015 = 102,9% × R106,6044 billion = 109,6959276 billion ✔CA GDP contribution 2016 = 102,9% × R109,6959276 billion = R112,8771095 billion. ✔CA = R112 877 million or R112 877 000 000 ✔R OR GDP contribution 2016 ✔M ✔A ✔A = R103,6 billion × 102,9% × 102,9% × 102,9% = R112,8771095 billion. ✔CA ✔C = R112,877 billion or R112 877 million or R112 877 000 000 ✔R	1M multiplying 1A 102,9% 1CA amount in 2014 1CA amount in 2015 1CA amount in 2016 1R correct rounding 1M multiplying 2A 102,9% CA amount in 2016 1C conversion 1R correct rounding (6)	F L3
2.2.1 (a)	✔✔✔RT Stopover times = 5 + 20 + 5 + 2 + 8 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 23 + 26 + 3 + 17 + 3 + 14 + 3 + 3 ✔M ✔CA = 138 minutes or 2 hrs and 18 minutes or 2,3 hours	3RT correct stopover times 1M adding stopover times 1CA total stopover time Stopover times: One or two errors only 1 mark penalty, Three or four errors 2 mark penalty	D L2
		AO
		(5)
2.2.1 (b)	2 and 3 minutes ✔✔CA	CA From Q2.2.1 (a) 2CA modal time (2)	D L2

Ques	Solution	Explanation	T&L
2.2.1 (c)	Actual train travel time: ✔RT 13:24 (day2) to 17:30 (day1) – stopover time ✔CA = 19 hr 54 min – 2 hr 18 min ✔M = 17 hr 36 min = 17, 6 hr ✔C D = S × T 992 km = S × 17hr 36 min ✔SF S = 992 km ✔S 17,6 hour = 56,36 km/h ✔CA OR ✔RT ✔CA Total time = 24 hours – 17h30 + 13h24 = 19hr 54 min ✔M 19hr 54 min – 2 hrs 18 min = 17 hrs 36 min = 17,6 hr ✔C D = S × T 992 km = S × 17,6 hr ✔SF S = 992 km ✔S 17,6 hour ≈ 56 km/h ✔CA OR From 17:30 to 00:00 = 6 hrs 30 min ✔RT From 00:00 to 13:24 = 13hrs 24 min ✔RT Time of journey = 19 hrs and 54 minutes ✔CA Travel time = 19 hr 54 min – 2 hr 18 min ✔M = 17 hr 36 min D = S × T ✔SF 992 km = S × 17,6 hr Average Speed = 992 km ✔S 17,6 hour ✔C = 56,36 km/h ✔CA	CA From Q2.2.1(a) 1RT start and end time 1CA 19 hours 54 min 1M subtracting stopover time 1C conversion 1SF substitution 1S changing subject of formula 1CA simplification OR 1RT start and end time 1CA 19 hours 54 min 1M subtracting stopover time 1C conversion 1SF substitution 1S changing subject of formula 1CA simplification OR 1RT start and end times 1CA trip time 1M subtracting stopover time 1SF substitution 1S changing subject of formula 1C conversion 1CA simplification	M L3
		NP
		(7)

Ques

Solution

Explanation

T&L

2.2.2

Forward trip in January:
Parents = 2 × R560 = R1 120 ✔MA
Father = R560 – R560 × 25% OR R560 × 75% ✔MA
= R420 ✔CA
Children's fare = R560 × 80% = R448 ✔MA
Two children = 2 × R448 = R896 ✔CA
Total fare for family: R1 120 + R420 + R896 = R2 436 ✔CA

Return trip in February:
Parents fare = 2 × R490 = R980  ✔A
Father = R490 minus R490 × 25% or R490 × 75%
= R367,50  ✔A
Two children = 2 × (R490 – R490 × 50%)
= R490 ✔A
Total fare for return trip = R980 + R490 + R367,50
= R1 837,50  ✔CA
Total cost for both trips = R2 436 + R1 837,50
= R4 273,50  ✔CA

OR

1MA two adult price
1MA discounted price for over 55 yrs
1CA father's fare
1MA children fare
1CA total children's fare
1CA Jan total fares
1A adults Feb fare
1A senior citizen fare
1A children Feb fare
1CA total Feb trip's fare
1CA total trip fare
(Note: Max of 6 marks if only one trip is calculated ; Max of 9 marks for using the same fare for both trip)

OR

Fin

L3

Ques	Solution	Explanation	T&L
	✔MA ✔MA Father's fare = (R560 + R490) × 75% ✔M = R787,50 ✔CA Parents' fare = 2 ×( R560 + 490) ✔MA = R2 100 ✔CA ✔MA ✔MA ✔A Children's fare = (R560 × 80% + R490 × 50%) × 2 = R1 386 ✔CA Total fare for both trips = R787,50 + R2 100 + R1 386 = R4 273,50 ✔CA	1MA adding correct values 1MA 75 % 1M % calculation 1CA simplification 1MA adding and multiplying 1CA simplification 1MA 80% 1MA 50% 1A correct values 1CA simplification 1CA total return trip fare (11)
		[47]

QUESTION 3 [31 MARKS]
Ques	Solution	Explanation	T&L
3.1.1	Capacity of section C = 5 m × 1, 2 m × 15 m ✓SF = 90 m³ ✓CA Capacity of section A = 2 m × 12,5 m × 15 m ✓SF = 375 m³ ✓CA Maximum capacity = 90 m³ + 375 m³ + 300 m³ ✓MA = 765 m³ OR Maximum capacity = Capacity of section (A + B + C) ✓SF ✓SF = 2 m × 12,5 m × 15 m + 300 m³ + 5 m × 1, 2 m × 15 m ✓CA ✓CA = 375 m³ + 300 m³ + 90 m³ ✓MA = 765 m³ OR Volume = 30 m × 15 m × 2 m ✓SF = 900 m³ ✓CA Volume beneath C = 5 m × 15 m × 0,8 m = 60 m³ Volume beneath B = 21 × 12,5 m × 15 m × 0,8 m ✓SF = 75 m³ ✓CA Maximum capacity = 900 m³ – 60 m³ – 75 m³ = 765 m³ ✓MA	1SF correct values 1CA capacity section C 1SF correct values 1CA capacity section A 1MA adding capacities in m³ OR 1SF Correct values for A 1SF correct values for C 1CA capacity section A 1CA capacity section C 1MA adding capacities in m³ OR 1SF volume 1CA volume section A 1SF volume beneath B 1CA volume beneath B 1MA subtracting volume in m³(5)	M L3
3.1.2	✓M Volume of water = 94% × 765 m³ = 719,1 m³ ✓C = 719 100 ℓ = 719 100 × 1 gallons ✓C 3,785 ≈ 189 986,79 gallons ✓CA OR	1M calculating % 1C convert to litres 1C convert to gal. 1CA simplification OR	M L3

Ques	Solution	Explanation	T&L
	Capacity (in litres) = 765 m³ × 1 000 = 765 000 ℓ ✓C Capacity( in gallons) = 765 000 ✓C 3,785 = 202 113,6063 Volume of water = 94% × 202 113,6063 ✓M = 189 986,79 gallons ✓CA	1C convert to litres 1C convert to gal. 1M calculating % 1CA simplification
		NP
		(4)
3.1.3	In 1 hour 2 350 litres of water will flow. In 1 day: 24 ×2 350 litres ✓MA = 56 400 litres will flow ✓CA ✓M In 2½ days amount of water flowing = 2½ × 56 400 litres = 141 000 litres ✓CA ∴ Statement is NOT VALID. ✓O OR Time to fill swimming pool = 135 000 ✓MA 2 350 /h ≈ 57,4468 hours ✓CA 57,4468 hrs = 2 days and 9 h 27 min ✓M Two and a half days = 2 days 12 hours ✓C ∴ Statement is NOT VALID ✓O OR Time to fill swimming pool = 135 000 L ✓MA 2 350L /h ≈ 57,4468 hours ✓CA ✓MA . Two and a half days = (2 ×24 + 12) hours = 60 hours ✓A ∴ Statement is NOT VALID ✓O OR	1MA using flow rate 1CA water in 1 day 1M multiplying 1CA simplification 1O conclusion OR 1MA finding time taken 1CA time 1M splitting calc. hrs 1C converting two and a half days 1O conclusion OR 1MA finding time taken 1CA time 1MA multiply with 24 and add 12 1A hours 1O conclusion OR

Copyright reserved Please turn over

Mathematical Literacy/P2 15 DBE/November 2016 NSC – Memorandum

Ques

Solution

Explanation

T&L

3.1.3

Time to fill swimming pool = 135 000 L  ✓MA
2 350 L/h
≈ 57,4468 hours ✓CA
✓MA ✓CA
57,4468 hours ÷ 24 hours/day = 2,3936
NOT VALID  ✓O

OR

✓MA ✓A
2½ days × 24 h/d = 60 hours
✓MA
Volume of water = 60 hours × 2 350 ℓ/hour
= 141 000 ℓ ✓CA
This is more than the 135 000 ℓ to be topped up
The statement is NOT VALID ✓O

1MA finding time taken 1CA time
1MA dividing by 24 h/d 1CA days
1O conclusion

OR

1MA multiplying with 24 h/d
1A number of hours
1MA multiplying hours with flow rate
1CA simplification
1O conclusion (5)

M

L3

3.2.1

Total = 18 × 15 = 270  ✓MA
✓M
Difference = 270 – 236 = 34
x = 34 ÷ 2  ✓M
= 17  ✓CA

OR

Mean = 2x + 236 = 15  ✓MA
18
2x = 270 – 236 ✓M
= 34
x = ³⁴/₂✓M
= 17  ✓CA

OR

1MA multiplying
1M subtracting totals
1M dividing by 2
1CA value of x

OR

1MA adding correct values
1M subtracting totals
1M dividing by 2
1CA value of x

OR

Data

L3

Ques	Solution	Explanation	T&L
	✓M Mean = 2x + 236 = 2x + 13,1111 18 18 ✓M 15 – 13,1111 = 1,8888... 2x= 1,8888... ✓CA 18 x = 1,888... × 18 ÷ 2 = 17 ✓CA	1M adding correct values 1M mean concept 1CA manipulating formula 1CA value of x
		AO
		(4)
3.2.2	Q₁ = 15 ✓RG and Q₃ = 20 ✓RG IQR = 20 – 15 ✓M = 5 ✓CA	1RG finding Q1 1RG finding Q3 1M subtracting 1CA IQR value	Data L3
		AO
		(4)
3.2.3	It is more convenient for them to go in the evening ✓✓O OR During daytime other distractions keep people away. ✓✓O OR Small groups receive individual attention ✓✓O OR Any other sensible reason ✓✓O	2O reason (2)	D L4
3.2.4	✓A P(_{Day Group full attendance}) = 6 × 100% 18✓A ≈ 33%✓R	1A numerator 1A denominator 1R whole %	P L2
		AO
		(3)
3.2.5	The range of the afternoon group was smaller. ✓✓O The afternoon group has a higher median. ✓✓O The afternoon group has smaller inter-quartile range. ✓✓O Minimum of the afternoon group is higher. ✓✓O (Any TWO acceptable reasons)	2O reason 2O reason (4)	D L4
		[31]

QUESTION 4 [36 marks]
Ques	Solution	Explanation	T&L
4.1.1	✓MA 0,21875 miles = 385 yards Hence, 1 mile = 385 yards ✓MA 0,21875 = 1 760 yards OR 1 = 4,571428571 ✓MA 0,21875 ✓MA 385 × 4,571428571 = 1760 yards	1MA recognising equal parts 1MA correct fraction OR 1MA conversion factor 1MA multiplying 385 with conversion factor (2)	M L2
4.1.2	Approximately 4,5 miles ✓✓RG (Accept distances in the range 4,3 miles to 4,7 miles)	2RG correct distance. (2)	MP L2
4.1.3	✓RG ✓C ✓CA 700 ft = 700 × 0,3038 m = 212,66 m (Accept heights in the range 700 ft to 710 ft)	1RG correct distance 1C converting to m 1CA max height	MP L2
		NP
		(3)
4.1.4	It is uphill. (steep) ✓✓O OR This runner found it difficult to run uphill. ✓✓O OR It is easier to run downhill. ✓✓O	2O reason (2)	MP L4
4.2.1	✓A ✓A 6 + 3 or 9 [Due to the annexure of Limpopo full marks can be awarded if only 6 is given as the number of venues]	2A number of venues (2)	MP L2
4.2.2	Hippo ✓✓A	2A correct enclosure (2)	MP L2

Ques	Solution	Explanation	T&L
4.2.3	✓✓A Zoo is 6 times bigger than the elephant exhibit. ✓M ✓CA ∴ 6 × 4 = 24 football fields Also accept 5 or 7 as a correct estimation. ANSWER ONLY full marks if 20 to 28 football fields.	2 A estimation 1M multiplying 1CA solution (Max 2 marks for number of football fields for estimated areas of 3,4 ,8 or 9.) (4)	MP L4
4.2.4	✓A The distance on the map = 85 mm ✓A ✓M Bar scale 20 mm is 200 m Real distance using the bar scale = 85 mm × 200m ✓M 20mm = 850 m ✓CA 1,6 km = 1 600 m ✓C ∴ The scale is NOT correct. ✓O OR ✓A ✓M Bar scale 20 mm is 200 m 1,6 km = 1 600 m ✓C Calculated map distance = 1600 m × 20mm ✓M 200m = 160 mm ✓CA Measured distance = 85 mm ✓A ∴ The scale is NOT correct. ✓O (Accept a range from 82 mm to 87 mm for the distance between streets and 18 mm to 22 mm for the bar scale.)	1A measured distance 1A measured bar 1M relating to bar to measurement 1M using the given scale 1CA simplification 1C conversion 1O conclusion OR 1A measured bar 1M relating to bar to measurement 1C conversion 1M using the given scale 1CA simplification 1A measured distance 1O conclusion (7)	MP L4
4.3.1	Saturday ✓✓A	2A correct day (2)	D L2
4.3.2	Monday is NOT reflected on the given graph. ✓✓O	2O reasoning (2)	P L4

Ques	Solution	Explanation	T&L
4.3.3	The number of visitors increase to about 12:00. on weekdays and then decrease again till 16:00. ✓✓O OR The number of visitors on weekends is more than the visitors on weekdays. ✓✓O OR The number of visitors increase to about 13:00 on weekends and then decrease again till 16:00. ✓✓O Any TWO trends relating time and number of visitors.	2O trend 2O trend (4)	D L4
4.3.4	The number indicated by the height of the column on Saturday is a little more than double the height of the mean number for a Tuesday ✓✓O OR People work during the week ✓✓O OR Saturdays they go with their families to the zoo. ✓✓O OR Cheaper to go during the weekends ✓✓O OR More activities at the zoo on Saturday. ✓✓O	2O reason 2O reason (4)	D L4
		[36]

TOTAL: 150

Published in Grade 12 NSC Exam Papers and Memos 2016 November

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Friday, 11 June 2021 08:37

GRADE 12 MATHEMATICAL LITERACY PAPER 1 MEMORANDUM - NSC PAST PAPERS AND MEMOS NOVEMBER 2016

GRADE 12 MATHEMATICAL LITERACY
PAPER ONE(P1)
NSC EXAM PAPERS AND MEMOS
NOVEMBER 2016

Symbol	Explanation
M	Method
MA	Method with accuracy
CA	Consistent accuracy
A	Accuracy
C	Conversion
S	Simplification
RT/RG	Reading from a table/graph/diagram
SF	Correct substitution in a formula
O	Opinion/Example/Definition/Explanation
P	Penalty, e.g. for no units, incorrect rounding off, etc.
R	Rounding off
NP	No penalty rounding or omitting units

MEMORANDUM

Question 1 [43 Marks]

Ques

Solution

Explanation

Topic/L

1.1.1

Booysen M ✔✔A

2A correct name (2)

F
L1

1.1.2

July ✔A
2026 ✔A

1A correct month
Accept 7^th month
1A correct year

Answer Only
Full Marks

(2)

L1

1.1.3

✔M/A
R1 185 627,28 – R466 000,00
=R719 627,28✔CA

1M/A subtracting correct values
1CA difference

Answer Only
Full Marks

NP

(2)

L1

1.1.4

✔RT ✔M
Total Admin. fee = R5,70 × 12 × 20
= R1 368✔CA

1RT reading from table
1M multiplying correct total number of months
1CA total fee

Answer Only
Full Marks

NP

(3)

L1

1.1.5

✔M
7,25% + 0,5% = 7,75% ✔A

1M adding correct %
1A sum

Answer Only
Full Marks

(2)

L1

Ques

Solution

Explanation

Topic/L

1.1.6

Amount without VAT = R5,70 ✔MA
114%
= R5,00
✔M
∴VAT amount = R5,70 – R5,00 = R0,70 ✔CA

OR

✔A
VAT amount = 14%⋅ × R5,70
114% ✔M
= R0,70✔CA

1MA dividing by 114%
1M subtracting
1CA VAT amount

OR

1M dividing by 114%
1A multiply by 14%
1CA VAT amount

Answer Only
Full Marks

NP

(2)

L2

1.1.7

✔O
An amount advanced/borrowed
to buy a house/flat/residential property ✔O

OR

Money borrowed to buy a house

1O Amount borrowed
1O buying a house/flat/residential property

(2)

L1

1.1.8

B ✔✔A

2A correct reason
Accept C

(2)

L1

1.1.9

(a)

✔MA
R383 159,13 – R383 158,37
= R0,76✔CA

1M/A subtracting correct values
1CA simplification from balance column for October

Answer Only
Full Marks

(2)

L1

1.1.9

(b)

Credit ✔✔A

2A correct column

(2)

L1

1.1.10

✔A
Interest = R378 123,87 × 31× 7,25% ✔SF
365
= R2 328,31 ✔CA

1A 31 days
1SF correct balance and %
1CA interest

Answer Only
Full Marks

NP

(3)

L2

Ques

Solution

Explanation

Topic/L

1.2.1

✔✔O
The cost that changes (not fixed/not constant/differs) depending on the number of persons.

2O explanation

(2)

L1

1.2.2

✔A ✔A
Total cost (in Rand) = 6 000 + 230 × 45
= 6 000 + 10 350
= 16 350 ✔CA

1A substituting 6 000 1A substituting 45

1CA cost

Answer Only
Full Marks

(3)

L2

1.2.3 (a)

Avon ✔✔RG

2RG reading from graph

(2)

L1

1.2.3 (b)

200 ✔✔RG

2RG reading from graph
Accept 160

(2)

L1

Ques

Solution

Explanation

Topic/

L

1.2.4 (a)

1A starting point (0 ; 0)
1A end point of (200 ; 30 000)
1CA joining points
1A straight line

(4)

L2

Ques	Solution	Explanation	Topic/L
1.2.4 (b)	Cost for 250 persons = R11 000 + R25 × 250 ✔SF = R17 250 ✔CA Income from 194 tickets = R150 × 194 ✔MA = R29 100 ✔A Profit = R29 100 – R17 250 = R11 850 ✔CA OR ✔SF ✔M Profit = (R11 000 + R25 × 250) – (R150 × 194) ✔CA ✔A = R29 100 – R17 250 ✔CA = R11 850	1SF substitution 1CA cost 1MA multiplication 1A income 1CA profit OR 1SF substitution 1M multiplication 1CA cost 1A income 1CA profit	L3
		Note: If readings are taken from graphs then: Cost (accept range from 17 000 to 17 500) - 2 marks Income (accept range from 28 900 to 29 300)- 2 marks Full marks can only be given if the profit is exactly R11 850
		NP (5)
		[43]

QUESTION 2 [29 MARKS]

Ques

Solution

Explanation

Topic/L

2.1.1

(a)

d = 4,2 m – (1,2 m + 1,8 m) ✔M
= 1,2 m ✔A
= 1 200 mm ✔C

OR

✔M ✔C
d = 4200 mm – (1 200 mm + 1800 mm)
= 1 200 mm ✔A

1M subtracting
1A value
1C conversion

OR

1M subtracting
1C conversion
1A value

Answer Only
Full Marks

(3)

L1

2.1.1

(b)

✔MA
15m + 1,2 m + 1,2 m + 4,2 m + 1,2 m +1,2 m + 15 m
= 39 m ✔CA
= 39 000mm ✔C

OR

✔MA

15 m × 2 + 1,2 m × 4 + 4,2 m = 39 m ✔CA
= 39 000 mm ✔C

1M/A adding all values
1CA total length
1C conversion

OR

1M/A adding all values
1CA total length
1C conversion

Answer Only
Full Marks

(3)

L1

2.1.1

(c)

Total area = 1,8 m × 15 m + 1,2 m × 4,2 m ✔SF
= 27 m² + 5,04 m²✔S
= 32,04 m2 ✔A ✔A

OR

✔S ✔SF
Total area = 2(1,2 × 1,2 ) m² + [1,8 × (15 + 1,2)] m²
= 2,88 m² + 29,16 m²
= 32,04 m² ✔A ✔A

OR

✔S ✔SF
Total area = [2 (1,2 × 1,2 ) + (1,8 × 15) + (1,8 × 1,2)] m²
= [2,88 + 27 + 2,16] m²
= 32,04 m² ✔A ✔A

OR

1SF substituting
1S simplification
1A area
1A correct unit

OR

1SF substituting
1S simplification
1A area
1A correct unit

OR

1SF substituting
1S simplification
1A area
1A correct unit

OR

L2

Ques

Solution

Explanation

Topic/L

✔SF
Total area = 16,2 m × 4,2 m – 2 × (1,2 m × 15 m)
= 68,04 m² – 36 m2 ✔S
= 32,04 m² ✔A ✔A

1SF substituting
1S simplification
1A area
1A correct unit

Max 2 out of 4 if only one area correctly calculated with unit

(4)

2.1.1

(d)

¹/₃ of the length of the hall = 16,2 m ✔A
Length of hall = 16,2 m × 3 OR 16,2 m ÷ ¹/₃✔M
= 48,6 m ✔CA

1A length of runway
1M multiply by 3
1CA length of hall

Answer Only
Full Marks

(3)

L1

2.1.2

✔M
4,2 m = 4,2 feet
0,3048
= 13,7795.. feet ✔S
≈ 13,8 feet ✔R

1M dividing by conversion factor
1S simplification
1R rounding

Answer Only
Full Marks

(3)

L2

2.2.1

✔SF ✔C
3 456 cm³ = A² × 24 cm
A² = 3 456 cm³ ÷ 24 cm ✔CA
= 144 cm²
A = √144 cm
= 12 cm ✔CA

OR

✔SF
A = √3 456 ✔C 24 ✔CA
= 12 cm ✔CA

1SF substitute into formula
1C conversion to cm 1CA simplification 1CA length of A

OR

1SF substitute into formula
1C conversion to cm
1CA simplification
1CA length of A

Answer Only
Full Marks

(4)

L2

Ques	Solution	Explanation	Topic/L
2.2.2	✔SF Area of one label = (1 + 2 ×3,142 × 7) × 24 cm = 1 079,712 cm² ✔A ✔M Total area of labels = 1 079,712 cm² × 76 = 82 058,112 cm² ≈82 058 cm² ✔R OR ✔A ✔SF ✔M Total area of labels = [(1 + 2 ×3,142 × 7) × 24 cm] × 76 = 82 058,112 cm² ≈ 82 058 cm² ✔R	1SF substitute into formula 1A area of one label 1M multiply by 76 1R rounding (accept 82 059) OR 1SF substitute into formula 1A area of one label 1M multiply by 76 1R rounding (accept 82 059)	L2
		Penalise with one mark if π on calculator is used
		(4)
2.2.3	✔SF Volume of cylinder = 3,142 × 7² × 24 cm³ = 3 694,99 cm³ ✔A ✔MA Difference in volume = 3 694,99 cm³ – 3 456 cm³ = 238,99 cm³ OR ✔SF ✔A ✔MA Difference in volume = 3,142 × 7² × 24 cm³ – 3 456 cm³ = 238,99 cm³	1SF substitute into formula 1A volume of cylinder 1M/A show how volume was obtained OR 1SF substitute into formula 1A volume of cylinder 1M/A show how volume was obtained NP (3)	L2
2.2.4	kilograms or kg or g ✔✔A	2A unit (2)	L1
		[29]

QUESTION 3 [28 MARKS]

Ques

Solution

Explanation

Topic/L

3.1.1

Row A = 15 ; Row B = 16 ; Row C = 18
Row D = 19 ; Row E = 21 ; Row F = 22 ✔A
Row G = 24 ; Row H = 25 ; Row J = 26
✔M
Total = 15 + 16 + 18 + 19 + 21 + 22 + 24 + 25 + 26
= 186 ✔CA

OR

Total = 432 – total left block – total right block ✔M
= 432 – 121 – 125 ✔A
= 186 ✔CA

OR

Total ✔A
= (32 + 33 + 35 + 36 + 38 + 39 + 41 + 42 + 43) – (17 × 9)
= 339 – 153 ✔M
= 186 ✔CA

1A number in seats in row A – J
1M adding
1CA total

OR

1M subtracting
1A totals for both blocks
1CA total

OR

1A number of seats in right block
1M subtracting
additional seats
1CA total

Answer Only
Full Marks
185 - 187 TWO MARKS

(4)

L1

3.1.2

North West/NW ✔✔A

2A direction

(2)

L1

3.1.3

H30  ✔✔✔A
OR
8th row from the stage seat 30
OR
second row from the back seat 30

3A if row AND seat are correct
2A if either row OR seat is correct

(3)

L1

3.1.4

Exit towards the left/ aisle ✔A
Turn left in the aisle ✔A
Walk straight to entrance/exit 1. ✔A
At entrance/exit 1 the refreshment stand will be on the right. ✔A

1A Exit to left/ aisle 1
A turn left in aisle 1A walk towards entrance/exit 1
1A location of refreshment stand

(4)

L2

Ques

Solution

Explanation

Topic/L

3.1.5

✔MA
87½ % × 432 = 378 OR 0,875 × 432 = 378
✔A
P = 1/ ₃₇₈✔CA
OR 0,26% OR 0,0026

1MA calculating % of 432 (CA from Q 3.1.1)
1A numerator
1CA denominator

Answer Only
Full Marks
185 - 187 TWO MARKS

(3)

P

L2

3.1.6

20% ✔✔A

2A correct decimal

(2)

P

L1

3.2.1

(a)

Unscrewed ✔✔A

2A unscrewed

(2)

L1

3.2.1

(b)

Anti-clockwise OR left OR counter-clockwise ✔✔A

2A direction

(2)

L1

3.2.2

3 ✔✔A

2A 3 screws

(2)

L2

3.2.3

✔M
3 ✔✔A

2A correct diagram (2)

L1

3.2.4

Actual length = 62 mm × 30 OR 6,2 cm × 30
= 1 860 mm ✔A = 186 cm
= 1,86 m ✔C = 1,86 m

OR

✔C ✔M
Actual length = 0,062 m × 30
= 1, 860 m ✔CA

1M multiply by scale
1A length in mm/cm
1C conversion

OR

1C conversion
1M multiply by scale
1CA length in m

Answer Only
Full Marks
185 - 187 TWO MARKS

(3)

L2

[28]

QUESTION 4 [30 MARKS]

Ques

Solution

Explanation

Topic/L

4.1.1

✔A ✔M

322,15 – 180,29 mph

= 141,86 mile per hour

✔CA

1A identify correct highest and lowest values
1M subtraction
1CA difference

Answer Only
Full Marks
185 - 187 TWO MARKS

(3)

L1

4.1.2

14 ✔✔RT

2RT correct number of riders (2)

L1

4.1.3

✔RT ✔RT
1990 and 2006
16 years✔CA

1RT first year
1RT second year
1CA number of years
Accept 17 years

(3)

L1

4.1.4

Ernest J Henne ✔✔RT
6 times ✔A

2RT name of rider
1A number of times

(3)

L1

4.1.5

✔A
⁵/₂₅× 100% ✔A
= 20% ✔CA

1A number of years in 21st century
1A total number of years
1CA probability as percentage

Answer Only
Full Marks
185 - 187 TWO MARKS

(3)

P

L3

4.2.1

✔✔O
The number of children can only be whole numbers.

OR

✔✔O
The number of children cannot be decimals/fractions

2O explanation

OR

2O explanation

(2)

L1

4.2.2

16 to 18 ✔✔RT

2RT identify correct age group

(2)

L1

4.2.3

2007 ✔✔RT

1RT identify correct year

(2)

L1

Ques

Solution

Explanation

Topic/L

4.2.4

✔RT
A = 209 309 + 539 177
= 748 486 ✔A

1RT correct values
1A value of A

Answer Only
Full Marks

(2)

L1

4.2.5

✔RT ✔M

B = 194 901 × 100
9 281000
= 2,1 ✔CA

1RT correct values
1M multiply by 100
1CA value of B

(3)

L1

4.2.6

4A (1 for each two correctly plotted point)
1CA joining the points

(5)

L2

[30]

QUESTION 5 [20 MARKS]

Ques

Solution

Explanation

Topic/L

5.1

United Kingdom OR Britain ✔✔RT

2RT correct country

(2)

D

L1

5.2

1 South African rand = 0,070 US dollar
∴$1,94 = R 1,94 ✔M
0,07
= R27,71 ✔A

OR

R95,57 ÷ $6,69 = 14,2855… ✔M
$ 1,94 × 14,28855….
= R27,71 ✔A

1M dividing by exchange rate
1A rand value

OR

1M dividing by price in dollar
1A rand value

Answer Only
Full Marks

(2)

F

L2

5.3.1

A = 113,96 euro ✔M
16,28
= 7 euro ✔A

1M dividing by exchange rate
1A euro value with unit

Answer Only
Full Marks

(2)

F

L2

5.3.2

B = 56,07 ✔M
267
= 0,21 ✔A
1 Indian Rupee equals 0,21 South African rand

1M dividing by exchange rate
1A rand value

Answer Only
Full Marks

(2)

F

L2

5.4

SGD $ 8,00 : SGD $ 2,50 ✔A ✔MA
= 16 : 5 ✔CA

1A identifying the correct values
1MA ratio in correct order
1CA simplified ratio

Answer Only
Full Marks

(3)

F

L1

Ques

Solution

Explanation

Topic/

L

5.5

✔RT
United States of America and Brazil ✔RT

1RT United States of America
1RT Brazil

(2)

D

L1

5.6

✔O
A median is the middle value of the arranged/ordered/sorted data. ✔O

1O middle value
1O arranged/ordered/ sorted

(2)

D

L1

5.7.1

✔RT
R118,75; R113,96; R99,30; R95,57; R95,22; R92,88; R84,21; R69,57; R62,40; R56,07; R50 ✔A

1RT correct values
1A correct order
NP

(2)

D

L1

5.7.2

Mean (in rand ) = ✔M
50 + 56,07 + 62,40 + 69,57 + 84,21+ 92,88 + 95,22 + 95,57 + 99,30 + 113,96 + 118,75
11 ✔A
= 937,93
11
≈ 85,27 ✔CA

1M adding values
1A dividing by 11
(check CA from Q 5.7.1)
1CA mean

Answer Only
Full Marks

(3)

D

L2

[20]

TOTAL

150

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Thursday, 10 June 2021 13:39

ECONOMICS PAPER 2 GRADE 12 MEMORANDUM - NSC PAST PAPERS AND MEMOS NOVEMBER 2016

ECONOMICS
PAPER TWO (P2)
GRADE 12
NSC EXAM PAPERS AND MEMOS
NOVEMBER 2016

MEMORANDUM

SECTION A (COMPULSORY)
QUESTION 1
1.1 MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS

1.1.1 A ✓✓ electricity
1.1.2 B ✓✓ is horizontal
1.1.3 C ✓ ✓ demand
1.1.4 B ✓✓ externalities
1.1.5 A ✓✓ implicit
1.1.6 A ✓✓ biodiversity
1.1.7 B ✓✓ stagflation
1.1.8 C ✓✓ poverty (8 x 2) (16)

1.2 MATCHING ITEMS

1.2.1 B ✓ expenses incurred by businesses when producing an article
1.2.2 C ✓ situation where the business does not make a profit or a loss
1.2.3 D ✓ businesses that produce similar products
1.2.4  F ✓ the increase in the percentage output is less than the increase in the percentage input
1.2.5  I ✓ buyers are charged differently for the same product
1.2.6  E ✓ solid waste, for example plastic bags and garbage, that cannot be disposed of
1.2.7 A ✓ a general increase in prices caused by an increase in factor costs
1.2.8  G ✓ give businesses the right to pollute up to a certain extent (8 x 1) (8)

1.3 GIVE THE TERM

1.3.1 Economic profit / Supernormal / Abnormal ✓
1.3.2 Short term / Short run ✓
1.3.3 Market ✓
1.3.4 Patent ✓
1.3.5Greenhouse ✓
1.3.6 Opportunity cost ✓ (6 x 1) (6)

TOTAL SECTION A: 30

SECTION B
Answer any TWO of the three questions in this section in the ANSWER BOOK.
QUESTION 2: MICROECONOMICS
2.1 Answer the following questions.

2.1.1 Name any TWO institutions that regulate unfair competition in South Africa.

- Competition Commission ✓
- Competition Tribunal ✓
- Competition Appeal Court ✓ Any (2 x 1) (2)

2.1.2 How will producers benefit from minimum prices that are implemented by the government?

Producers will be able to make a comfortable profit, which will encourage them, to produce more – given them more certainty and for future planning ✓✓
(Accept any other correct relevant response) (1 x 2) (2)

2.2 Data response

2.2.1 Identify the market structure in the graph above.
Perfect market / Perfect competition ✓ (1)
2.2.2 Give the value of the market price depicted above.
R50 ✓ (1)
2.2.3 How will this equilibrium position change in the long run (long term)?

- It will change to normal profit due to firms leaving the industry. ✓✓
- In the long run firms will leave the industry, which will increase the revenue, thereby reducing the loss ✓✓ Any (1 x 2) (2)

2.2.4 What conditions must exist for this firm to shut down?

- When it cannot meet its average variable cost / price is less than/equal to AVC / TR < AVC ✓✓
- When the firm's total revenue is less than its variable costs ✓✓
- When MR = AVC = MC ✓✓ Any (1 x 2) (2)

2.2.5 Calculate the economic loss faced by this firm.

Unit loss: R40 ✓ OR TR – TC ✓
Total loss: 100 x 40 ✓ = 5000 – 9000 ✓
= R4000 ✓✓ = –4000 ✓✓
(Allocate 2 marks if only unit loss is given)
(Allocate 4 marks if only the correct final answer is given) (4)

2.3 Data response

2.3.1 Identify ONE external cost in the project above.
Pollution ✓ (1)
2.3.2 Identify a social benefit in the project above.
New job opportunities / quality service deliveries / High-quality  product ✓ (1)
2.3.3 What can the government do to reduce the external cost of the project above?
The government can:

- Install equipment that will reduce pollution ✓✓
- Design the plant in such a way that pollution will be limited to the minimum ✓✓
- Tax the polluter ✓✓
- Issue marketable permits (regulations) for firms to pollute to a certain extent ✓✓
- Set maximum levels of pollution ✓✓
  (Accept any other correct relevant response) (2)

2.3.4 How will the government benefit from the approval of the project above?
The government will:

- Earn more revenue from selling the product ✓✓
- Receive more money from taxes ✓✓
- Be able to create more jobs ✓✓
  (Accept any other correct relevant response) Any (1 x 2) (2)

2.3.5 Why should the government do a cost-benefit analysis before starting each new project?
CBA will enable the government to:

- Make informed decisions ✓✓
- Be more objective in its decision making ✓✓
- Be more efficient in the allocation of resources ✓✓
  (Accept any other correct relevant response) Any (2 x 2) (4)

2.4 Differentiate between productive inefficiency and allocative inefficiency.
Productive inefficiency

- The producer does not produce at the lowest possible cost ✓✓
- There is room to reduce costs without producing fewer goods or without producing a lower quality good ✓✓
- Not all resources are used effectively ✓✓
- Occurs at any point inside the PPC / under-utilisation of resources ✓✓ (Max 4)

Allocative inefficiency

- The producer is producing at a sub-optimal allocation (point B) ✓✓
- The allocation (combination) of resources in not in accordance with the consumer demand (tastes) ✓✓
- Not all resources are allocated effectively ✓✓
- The welfare of the community is not maximised ✓✓
- Government intervenes in an attempt to correct market failure ✓✓
  (Accept tabular format) (Max 4) (Accept description connected to the graph)
  (Accept any other correct relevant responses) (2 x 4) (8)

2.5 How may differentiated products influence consumers and producers in a monopolistic competitive market?
Consumer

The consumer may regard one product as better, whether real or imagined, therefore, it is based on the opinion of consumers ✓✓
Consumers tend to buy brand names and have their preferences in this regard ✓✓
E.g. Levi jeans will be more popular than no name brand jeans ✓
Advertising stresses differences that are attractive to consumers ✓✓
Increase spending due to consumers wanting different brands of the same good ✓✓ e.g. Nike, Puma, etc. ✓
Wider choice of goods / exposed to different products ✓✓
Differences in packaging makes purchasing/buying easy ✓✓ (Max 4)

Producers

By selling slightly differentiated product each producer distinguishes themselves from another producer ✓✓
The unique characteristics of differentiated products allow producers to compete against others ✓✓
Therefore they can justify a higher price for their product based on these 'uniqueness' (slight differentiation) ✓✓
It may enjoy brand loyalty as customers have a preference towards a particular product ✓✓
Profits used in research and development in order to make the product look different – stimulated creativity ✓✓
Differentiated products create opportunities for non-price competition ✓✓
(Accept any other correct relevant response)
(Only 1 mark allocated for examples per participant) (Max 4) (8)

[40]

QUESTION 3: CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC ISSUES
3.1 Answer the following questions.

3.1.1 Name any TWO millennium development goals that form part of international agreements that ensure a sustainable environment.

- Eradication of poverty and hunger ✓
- Achieving universal primary education ✓
- Gender equality ✓
- Reducing child mortality rates ✓
- Combat HIV/Aids ✓
- Improve health ✓
- Ensure environmental sustainability ✓ (2)
- Global partnership for development ✓ Any (2 x 1)

3.1.2 How may taxes be used to ensure environmental sustainability?

- Reduce pollution through green tax and environmental tax ✓✓
- By levying it on products associated with high pollution levels ✓✓
- Use tax revenue to promote environmental-friendly products e.g. solar geysers ✓✓ (2)
  (Accept any other correct relevant response) Any (1 x 2)

3.2 Data response

3.2.1 Identify the percentage wage increase in the extract above that was demanded by workers in the transport industry.
25% ✓ (1)
3.2.2 Which labour union represents the workers in the mining sector above?
National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) ✓ (1)
3.2.3 Why is the wage demand by the transport workers unrealistic?
It is far above the inflation target of 6% ✓✓ (2)
3.2.4 Briefly explain ONE reason for the excessive wage demand above.
The high cost of living results in wages being insufficient to cover the basic needs ✓✓
(Accept any other correct relevant response) (2)
3.2.5 What will be the impact on the mining industry if the entry level workers' wage demands of R10 500 per month are met?

- The mining industry which is already under high cost pressure might struggle to survive / become less competitive ✓✓
- These wage increases will force many mines to shut down production ✓✓
- Some mines might have no option but to lay-off workers✓✓
- Meeting the wage demand might cause the ripple effect in the rest of the mining sector and related industries ✓✓
- Fewer strikes, hence less interruption in production ✓✓
  (Accept any other correct relevant response) (2 x 2) (4)

3.3 Data response

3.3.1 What, according to the information above, should be reduced to avoid global warming?
The burning of fossil fuels/fossil fuel emissions / human activity ✓ (1)
3.3.2 Identify ONE negative effect of global warming.

- More heat returning to earth ✓
- Nights warming faster than days ✓
- Winter warming faster than summer ✓
- Less heat escape the space ✓
- Climate change ✓
- Less oxygen in the air ✓
- Cooling upper atmosphere ✓
- Pattern of ocean warming ✓
- More fossil-fuel carbon in the air ✓
- More fossil-fuel carbon in coral ✓ (1)

3.3.3 Briefly describe the term climate change.
It is the change in weather patterns due to global warming ✓✓
(Accept any other correct relevant response) (2)
3.3.4 Why do businesses resist changing to more environmentally friendly production methods?
They resist (fear) the change to more environmentally friendly methods due to higher cost and possible revenue losses / Environmentally methods are time consuming and need a lot of training of employees ✓✓
(Accept any other correct relevant response) (2)
3.3.5 What can be done to reduce the emissions caused by the burning of fossil fuels?

- Equipment can be installed in plants/cars that will reduce emissions ✓✓ e.g. catalytic converters / air filters ✓
- Businesses and households can switch to more environmentally
- friendly sources (technology) such as ✓✓ E.g. Solar energy/Wind energy/Hydro energy/Gas energy ✓ Impose taxes or fines ✓✓
  (Accept any other correct relevant response)
  (Allocate a maximum of 1 mark for the listing of examples) (Max 4) (4)

3.4 Differentiate between conservation and preservation.
Conservation

It is the management of the environment in a way that prevents it from being damaged ✓✓
E.g. game parks are used to keep certain endangered species ✓✓
It is a creative continuity of the environment to ensure quality of life for both present and future generations ✓✓
Conservation is needed due to pollution and over utilisation of the

environment ✓✓

Ensure economical use of renewable and non-renewable resources ✓✓ (Max 4)

Preservation

It is the process of keeping the environment in its present state ✓✓
It is often applied where elements of the environment are threatened by extinction ✓✓
e.g. Rhinoceros species / heritage sites have cultural significance / ecosystems ✓
(Accept tabular format) (Max 4) (Accept any other correct relevant response)
(A maximum of 1 mark for examples under each concept) (2 x 4) (8)

3.5 How will you advise the Minister of Tourism to overcome the impact of negative externalities generated by tourism?

The minister can enforce the appointment of local unemployed people to ensure a redistribution of income and also provide opportunities to improve skills for people in that community. This will prevent the increase inequalities of rural people by tourism ✓✓
The minister can use discriminatory pricing policy to benefit local people because tourists are willing to pay higher prices because of a favourable exchange rate ✓✓
The minister should be made aware of programmes to address deficiencies in education and training ✓✓
The minister can employ local unemployed people to facilitate traffic flow or get local people to fill up waste bags for recycling. This will alleviate traffic congestion and pollution caused by tourism ✓✓
The minister can create specific business zones that will not impact negatively on the aesthetic appearance of the community. There should also be consultation with the community before erecting any infrastructure that will alter the landscape ✓✓
Some tourists bring diseases such as Ebola. Government must screen people on arrival ✓✓
(Accept any other correct relevant response) (4 x 2) (8)

[40]

QUESTION 4: MICROECONOMICS AND CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC ISSUES
4.1

4.1.1 Name any TWO types of tourism.

- Leisure and recreation ✓
- Business and professional ✓
- Eco-tourism ✓
- Cultural ✓
- Medical ✓
- Community ✓
- Paleo ✓
- Adventure ✓
- Humane ✓
  (Accept any other correct relevant response) Any (2 x 1) (2)

4.1.2 Why is a perfect competitor unable to influence the market price?
The producer is too small in relation to the size of the market, therefore he is a price taker ✓✓ (1 x 2) (2)

4.2 Data response

4.2.1 Which curve represents the average revenue (AR) curve?
D / Demand curve ✓ (1)
4.2.2 How many firms dominate this type of market?
One / 1 ✓ (1)
4.2.3 Why does the marginal revenue (MR) curve lie below the demand curve?
Due to the negative-sloping demand curve, every additional unit is sold at a lower price ✓✓ (2)
(Accept any other correct relevant response)
4.2.4 Why will the monopolist not be able to charge excessively high prices for his/her product?

- Although the monopolist is the only supplier in the market, it is still influenced by market forces ✓✓
- Due to the limited budget that the consumer operates on, if the prices are too high there will not be enough demand for the product / consumer may switch to other alternative products ✓✓
- Price increases are sometimes regulated by the government to protect the consumer ✓✓
- Although the monopolist can set his own price he cannot do so without affecting the quantity that will be sold ✓✓
- To sell more products he must decrease the price ✓✓ (2)

4.2.5 Redraw the graph above into the ANSWER BOOK. Indicate economic profit on your graph by inserting the average cost (AC) curve and marginal cost (MC) curve on the same set of axes.

4.3 Data response

4.3.1 Give ONE reason in the extract above why South Africa is regarded as a very popular tourist destination.

- Spectacular scenery ✓
- Friendly people ✓
- World-class infrastructure ✓ (1)

4.3.2 Identify in the extract above why the tourism industry has been earmarked as a key sector?
Because of its growth potential / economic recovery ✓ (1)
4.3.3 Briefly describe the term tourism.
Activities of people travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for no more than one year ✓✓
(Accept any other correct relevant response) (2)
4.3.4 Give ONE reason why the tourism industry is growing at such a high rate.

- Increase in disposable income ✓✓
- Reduction on working hours ✓✓
- More awareness of leisure and recreation ✓✓
- Improved transport/accommodation/communication ✓✓
- Increase advertisements and promotion ✓✓
- Scenery / friendly people / easily obtaining foreign exchange / improved political climate ✓✓
  (Accept any other correct relevant response) (2)

4.3.5 In your opinion, how can the tourism industry benefit the poor, rural communities of South Africa?

- Increase in employment opportunities / guesthouses / hotels / restaurants ✓✓
- Expansion of the market for indigenous arts / culture / products ✓✓
- Improvement of infrastructure in rural areas ✓✓
  (Accept any other correct relevant response) (Any 2 x 2) (4)

4.4 Explain the goals of the South African competition policy.

Prevent the abuse of economic power ✓✓ e.g. forming of monopolies ✓
Regulate the growth of market power by means of takeovers and mergers ✓✓
Prevent restrictive practices, especially by oligopolist ✓✓ such as fixing of selling prices, collusion and price discrimination ✓
Improve the efficiency in the market through legislation ✓✓
Promote healthy competition between businesses ✓✓
Protect the consumer against unfair prices and inferior products ✓✓ for example through the Competition Act ✓
Contribute to South Africa's development objectives to ensure that all South African have equal opportunities to participate fairly in economic activities ✓✓ They also improve equity in the market ✓✓ for example through the Employment Equity Act / enable SMME's ✓
(Accept any other correct relevant response)
(Max 2 for the mere listing of examples) (Max 8) (8)

4.5 How do consumers as key market role-players fail to protect the environment?

As a result of the lack of knowledge consumers' actions often have a negative impact on the environment / consumers not aware of recycling ✓✓
By using certain products such as aerosol they cause environmental damage without realising it ✓✓
Due to the fact that some resources are not privately owned, they have an element of non-excludability. Therefore, these resources are often overused ✓✓ e.g. oceans and rivers ✓
Consumers often care less about their practices that harm the environment because of self-interest ✓✓
Some consumers pollute the environment through littering, disposal of waste, etc. because the costs (negative externalities) are borne by others ✓✓
(Accept any other correct relevant response)
(Allocate only 2 marks for examples) (8)

[40]
TOTAL SECTION B: 80

SECTION C
Answer any ONE of the two questions in this section in the ANSWER BOOK. Your answer will be assessed as follows:

STRUCTURE OF ESSAY	MARK ALLOCATION
Introduction	Max. 2
Body Main part: Discuss in detail/In-depth discussion/Examine/Critically discuss/Analyse/Compare/Evaluate/Distinguish/Differentiate/Explain/ Assess/Debate Additional part: Give own opinion/Critically discuss/Evaluate/Critically evaluate/Draw a graph and explain/Use the graph given and explain/ Complete the given graph/Calculate/Deduce/Compare/Explain/ Distinguish/Interpret/Briefly debate/How?/Suggest	Max. 26 Max. 10
Conclusion Any higher-order conclusion should include: A brief summary of what has been discussed without repeating facts already mentioned Any opinion or valued judgement on the facts discussed Additional support information to strengthen the discussion/analysis A contradictory viewpoint with motivation, if required Recommendations	Max. 2
TOTAL	40

QUESTION 5: MICROECONOMICS
The oligopoly is a necessary market structure in a free-market system.

Discuss in detail an oligopoly as a market structure. (26 marks)
Explain, with the aid of a well-labelled graph, why the oligopolist will not compete on price to increase his/her market share. (10 marks)

[40]

INTRODUCTION
The oligopoly is a type of imperfect market in which only a few producers dominate the market ✓✓
(Accept any other correct relevant response) (Max 2) MAIN PART
Nature of the product ✓

The product may be homogeneous (the same) or differentiated (heterogeneous) – slight differences ✓✓
If the product is homogeneous, it is known as a pure oligopoly ✓✓
If it is differentiated, it is known as a differentiated oligopoly ✓✓

Market information ✓

There is incomplete information ✓✓

Market entry ✓

Entry is easy to difficult, it is limited in the sense that huge capital outlay might be necessary ✓✓

Control over price ✓

Considerable control over price, it can influence price, but not as much as the monopolist ✓✓
Oligopolies can frequently change their prices in order to increase their market share and this can result in price wars ✓✓

Mutual dependence ✓

Mutual dependence (interdependence) exists amongst these businesses ✓✓
Each firm knows its market share, the behaviour of one firm can influence other significantly ✓✓
A change in the price or change in the market share by one firm is reflected in the sales of the others ✓✓

Non-price competition ✓

Because price competition can result in destructive price wars, oligopolists prefer to compete on a different basis ✓✓
This encourage non-price competition through advertising, packaging, after-sales services ✓
Participants observe one another carefully – when one oligopolist launches an advertising campaign, its competitors soon follow suit ✓✓
If oligopolies operate as a cartel, firms have an absolute cost advantage over the rest of the other competitors in the industry ✓✓

Collusion ✓
Overt collusion: ✓

Firms can work together to form a cartel, a cartel is a formal agreement amongst firms to work together in limiting total industry supply in order to increase prices or fix prices at certain levels ✓✓
The main idea is to increase individuals' members' profits by reducing competition. ✓✓
This is illegal and often investigated by the Competition Commission in South Africa ✓✓
Guilty businesses are often heavily penalised in the form of fines ✓✓

Tacit collusion: ✓

The oligopoly market may be characterised by a definite price leader, other may follow the pricing policy of the leader ✓✓
This is not a formal agreement and thus not illegal in South Africa. ✓✓
Examples in South Africa are cell phone operators: Cell C, MTN, Vodacom, Telkom Mobile, petrol garages like Engen, Total, Caltex, Shell, BP; Banks like FNB, ABSA, Standard Bank, Nedbank, Capitec ✓

Limited competition ✓

There are only a few suppliers manufacturing the same product ✓✓

Economic profit ✓

Oligopolies can make an economic profit over the long term ✓✓
Abnormal profits may a result of joint decision-making in an oligopoly ✓✓

Demand curve ✓

The demand curve slopes from left to right (downward sloping) ✓✓
Also known as die kinked demand-curve ✓✓
Contains two curves (elastic and inelastic parts) ✓✓

Productive/Technological efficiency ✓

Productive efficiency is possible ✓

Allocative efficiency ✓

Allocative efficiency is not possible ✓ (Max. 26)

ADDITIONAL PART

As an oligopolist raises its price above point E, it will lose customers because the other oligopolists will not raise their price ✓✓
Although he will benefit from the increased revenue per unit, his total revenue will be lower because of a greater loss of customers ✓✓
If an oligopolist lowers its price below point E, other oligopolists will lower their price to compete, and as a result, the decrease in price does not attract many new customers ✓✓
Because raising or lowering the price is not beneficial for the oligopolist, it engages in mostly non-price competition such as product differentiation and efficient service underscored by advertising ✓✓
(Accept any other correct relevant response) Max 6 (Max 10)

CONCLUSION
Oligopolies are interdependent, their actions are influenced by other firms in the market ✓✓
(Accept any other correct relevant response) (Max. 2)

[40]

QUESTION 6: CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC ISSUES 40 MARKS – 40 MINUTES
Inflation originates from the demand side or supply side of the economy.

Examine in detail the causes of demand-pull inflation. (26 marks)
How successful have monetary policy measures been in combatting demand pull inflation in South Africa? (10 marks)

[40]

INTRODUCTION
Inflation is a sustained and significant increase in general price level over a period of time and a simultaneous decrease in the purchasing power of money ✓✓
OR
Demand-pull inflation occurs when aggregate demand in an economy outpaces (is faster than) aggregate supply ✓✓ (Max. 2)

MAIN PART

Demand-pull inflation occurs when the total spending in the economy increases and the economy is unable to expand output to meet the increase in spending ✓✓
Increased consumption by households (C) ✓ The disposable income of households can increase at a faster rate than aggregate supply for the following reasons ✓✓
- It is caused by easier access to credit ✓or lower interest rates, which make credit cheaper ✓✓ With credit being cheaper, households will borrow more ✓✓
- Lack of savings ✓ Consumers may spend their entire income and fail to save ✓✓ This results in a lack of liquidity for banks to finance essential capital investment ✓✓
- Reduction in taxes ✓ If the government decides to decrease personal income tax, consumers will use the extra income to buy more goods and services ✓✓
Investment spending (I) ✓
- A reduction in interest rates will encourage firms to expanding their operations ✓✓
- Businesses invest more and this may lead to an increase in the demand for goods and services that are part of the investment ✓✓ e.g. new buildings, sement, brics and labour ✓
- If aggregate demand increases at a faster rate than aggregate supply, price increases will follow ✓✓

Government spending (G) ✓
- An increase in government spending without an increase in productivity will lead to inflation ✓✓
- If increases in government spending are financed by borrowing from financial institutions, large sums of money are placed into circulation – aggravating the demands in the economy's real capacity ✓✓
- Government uses three channels for increased spending:
  - Infrastructure ✓ government may embark in capital projects, such as roads, housing and water ✓✓ the sizes of these projects outstrip the economy's capacity which will increase prices ✓✓
  - Consumption expenditure ✓ most governments will at times increase expenditures on education and health ✓✓
  - Social spending ✓ Governments sometimes feel they have to do something substantive about unemployment and poverty ✓✓ e.g. public work programmes ✓ such expenditures invariably leads to inflation because they add to aggregate demand without adding anything to aggregate supply ✓✓
Export earnings (X) ✓
- Increases in earnings from exports can come from various sources:
  - Foreign growth ✓ growth of the economies of trading partner countries may create a demand for a variety of locally produced goods ✓✓ the sales of exports bring money into the country ✓✓ demand increases without corresponding increases in supply – resulting in an increase in prices ✓✓
  - Commodities demand ✓ the world's demand for commodities expands and contracts like business cycles do ✓✓ during an expansionary period foreign demand increases and this leads to greater volumes of exports ✓✓ the income earned from these exports adds to aggregate demand and prices increase ✓✓ (Max 26)

ADDITIONAL PART

The South African Reserve Bank (SARB) and the government apply certain monetary measures to curb inflation successfully ✓✓
The SARB has successfully adjusted the quantity of money regularly to the needs of the economy (e.g. through open-market policy) thus maintaining a fine balance between the supply of goods and services and money supply ✓✓
The SARB tries to curb inflation by adhering to the inflation target of 3 – 6%, but haven't always been successful (currently at the upper end) ✓✓
The bank rate of the central bank (SARB) has always affected the interest rates in the economy (an increased repo rate) to encourage more savings or encourage credit granting (a decreased repo rate) ✓✓
The SARB applies moral pressure (moral suasion) on financial institutions to be more careful when granting credit ✓✓ e.g. a lack of moral pressure from SARB caused Bank of Africa to be liquidized ✓ on the other hand SARB's division of bank supervision led to severe penalties on some of the major banks in South Africa ✓
(Accept any other correct relevant response) (Max. 10)

CONCLUSION
Money can be regarded as the most important driver of inflation; high volumes off money will lead to higher income, higher expenditure and higher inflation, therefor authorities should effectively control the country's money supply ✓✓
(Accept any other correct relevant response) (Max. 2)

[40]
TOTAL SECTION C: 40
GRAND TOTAL: 150

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Thursday, 10 June 2021 13:37

ECONOMICS PAPER 1 GRADE 12 MEMORANDUM - NSC PAST PAPERS AND MEMOS NOVEMBER 2016

ECONOMICS
PAPER ONE (P1)
GRADE 12
NSC EXAM PAPERS AND MEMOS
NOVEMBER 2016

MEMORANDUM

SECTION A (COMPULSORY)
QUESTION 1
1.1 MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS

1.1.1 A – public ✓✓
1.1.2 B – product ✓✓
1.1.3 C – parastatals ✓✓
1.1.4 C – free-floating ✓✓
1.1.5 B – per capita income ✓✓
1.1.6 B – interest rates ✓✓
1.1.7 A – urbanisation ✓✓
1.1.8 B – corridor ✓✓ (8 x 2) (16)

1.2 MATCHING ITEMS

1.2.1   F – worldwide interaction of economies with trade as a common element ✓
1.2.2   E – a trade policy that encourages the production of locally manufactured goods to be sold abroad ✓
1.2.3   D – a common argument in favour of free trade ✓
1.2.4 G – a system of government that does not approve rules and therefore causes delays ✓
1.2.5 A – the rate banks are paying for lending money from the central bank ✓
1.2.6  H – measures prices of locally manufactured goods at factory level ✓
1.2.7 B – products traded in its basic form, for example coal and timber ✓
1.2.8  C – hampers the cognitive development of children ✓ (8 x 1) (8)

1.3 GIVE THE TERM

1.3.1 Business cycles ✓
1.3.2 Amplitude ✓
1.3.3 Ad valorem ✓
1.3.4 Employment Equity ✓
1.3.5 Terms of Trade ✓
1.3.6 Unemployment ✓ (6 x 1) (6)
(No abbreviations or examples are accepted)

TOTAL SECTION A: 30

SECTION B
Answer TWO of the three questions in this section in the ANSWER BOOK. QUESTION 2: MACROECONOMICS
2.1 Answer the following questions.

2.1.1 Name TWO types of business cycles.

- Kitchin ✓
- Jugler ✓
- Kuznets ✓
- Kondratieff ✓ (2 x 1) (2)

2.1.2 How will foreign direct investment benefit the South African economy?

- Provide capital for new enterprises/expansion on existing enterprises / increased competition ✓✓
- Increase in income/revenue for business/state / more profits ✓✓
- Creation of more job opportunities/improve standard of living ✓✓
- Increase economic growth ✓✓
- Diversify the economy / a wider range of products ✓✓
- Bring in new technology and knowledge ✓✓
  (Accept any other correct relevant response) (1 x 2) (2)

2.2 DATA RESPONSE

2.2.1 Identify TWO indirect taxes in the cartoon above.

- Value-added tax (VAT) ✓
- Fuel levies ✓
- Sin tax ✓ (2 x 1) (2)

2.2.2 Name the fiscal instrument represented by the scale in the cartoon above.
Taxation ✓✓ (2)

2.2.3 What is the 'surprise' depicted in the cartoon above?

The Minister of Finance did not increase any income tax and VAT as expected / but the impact of the increase in fuel levies and excise duties were to such an extent that it made up for not increasing income tax and VAT ✓✓
(Accept any other correct relevant response) (2)

2.2.4 In your opinion, why did the Minister of Finance decide to keep income tax and VAT at the same levels?

- Due to increased income tax in 2014/15 he didn't want to over burden the tax payers ✓✓
- To prevent a negative reaction from the labour force which is constantly demanding higher wages ✓✓
- VAT as a regressive type of taxation remained the same to prevent the poor from becoming poorer ✓✓
- To prevent loss of income through tax evasion and disincentive to work ✓✓
- To stimulate consumer spending and economic growth ✓✓
  (Accept any other correct relevant response) (2 x 2) (4)

2.3 DATA RESPONSE

2.3.1 Identify the reason in the extract why South Africa agreed to import chicken from the US.

South Africans consume more chicken than people in any other African country / Local producers have struggled to keep up with the rising demand / to smooth the passage of AGOA ✓ (1)

2.3.2 Name the trade initiative mentioned above.
African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) ✓ (1)
2.3.3 Briefly describe the term dumping.
Selling goods in a foreign market at prices that are below the cost of production in the country of origin ✓✓
(Accept any other correct relevant response) (2)
2.3.4 What will be the effect of population growth in South Africa on chicken imports from the US?
An increase in the population will cause an increase in the demand for chicken pieces from the US and imports will rise ✓✓
(Accept any other correct relevant response) (2)

2.3.5 What negative impact could this deal have on the local poultry industry?

- The local poultry industry may experience consumer's resistance against the product due to a low quality of import cuts / switch to other types of meat consumption ✓✓
- The local poultry industry may experience an oversupply in the product during certain periods which might lead to low prices, leading to less income to industry ✓✓
- Local producers leaving the industry because of losses due to unfair competition / low prices and high inputs ✓✓
  (Accept any other correct relevant response) (2 x 2) (4)

2.4 Distinguish between exogenous approaches and endogenous approaches to business cycles.
Endogenous approach:

This follows the belief that economic growth is primarily the result of endogenous and not external forces ✓✓
This is often called the Keynesian view. This approach holds the view that markets are inherently unstable and therefore government intervention may be required ✓✓
The price mechanism fails to co-ordinate demand and supply in markets and this gives rise to upswings and downswings ✓✓
Prices are not flexible enough ✓✓ (e.g. wages) ✓
A business cycle is an inherent feature of a market economy ✓✓
Indirect links or mismatches between demand and supply are normal features of the economy ✓✓ (Max 4)

Exogenous approach:

Refer to those independent factors that can influence business cycles and originate outside the economy ✓✓
Some economists believe that business cycles are caused by exogenous factors such as those described below ✓✓
The monetarists believe markets are inherently stable and disequilibrium is caused by incorrect use of policies, e.g. monetary policy ✓✓

The following are examples:

Weather conditions and shocks cause upswings and downswings ✓ • Governments should not intervene in the market ✓
Sunspot theory based on the belief that increased solar radiation causes changes in weather conditions ✓
Technological changes ✓
(Accept any other correct relevant response)
(A maximum of 1 mark for examples per approach) (Max 4) (8)

2.5 How can imports be targeted to reduce the deficit on the balance of trade in South Africa?

South Africa can use import substitution as part of their international trade policy ✓✓
Tariffs can be imposed on imported goods, which will increase the prices of imported goods for domestic consumers, and that will tend to shift demand from imports to domestic products ✓✓ e.g. customs duties, ad valorem tariffs, specific tariffs ✓
Quotas can be imposed to limit the import of goods and services ✓✓
Subsidies will make local producers more competitive and switch from imported goods to locally produced goods ✓✓
Through exchange control government can reduce imports and limit the amount of foreign exchange made available to those who wish to import ✓✓
Physical control may put a complete ban or embargo on the import of certain goods from a particular country ✓✓
Trade can be diverted through monetary deposits, time-consuming customs procedures and high-quality standards are imposed to make the importing of goods more difficult ✓✓ (Max 8) (8)

[40]

QUESTION 3: ECONOMIC PURSUITS
3.1 Answer the following questions.

3.1.1 Name TWO social indicators related to income distribution.

- Lorenz curve ✓
- Gini Coefficient ✓
- Quintile Ratio ✓
- Head Count Index ✓
- Human Development Index ✓
- Poverty line / poverty gap ✓
  (Accept any other correct relevant response) (2 x 1) (2)

3.1.2 How can deregulation benefit the business sector of South Africa?

- By opening up opportunities for formerly excluded businesses to participate in the formal economy/Helping with entrance of new economic players in the economy / More businesses (more competition) benefits the business sector / efficiency of businesses will increase ✓✓
- By providing easy access to markets ✓✓
- By Simplifying administrative processes/red-tape / businesses interact directly with consumers without state interference ✓✓
  (Accept any other correct relevant response) (1 x 2) (2)

3.2 DATA RESPONSE

3.2.1 Identify any TWO previous strategies in the information above that were used to improve economic growth in South Africa.

- GEAR – Growth Employment and Redistribution ✓
- NGP – New Growth Path ✓
- NSDS – National Skills Development Strategy ✓ Any (2 x 1) (2)

3.2.2 State the main aim of the NDP.

It provides a road map to government for 2030 / poverty relief / economic growth / economic transformation / sustainable job opportunities / income distribution ✓✓
(Accept any other correct relevant response) (2 )

3.2.3 What negative impact will the NDP have on the taxpayers?

For implementation of the NDP the state will increasingly need more revenue – more and higher taxation will be needed / reduce disposable income even more / higher levels of fraud and corruption affecting services to the poor ✓✓
(Accept any other correct relevant response) (2)

3.2.4 In your opinion, how successful will the implementation of the NDP be in the South African economy?
The implementation of NDP will be successful due to the following reasons:

- A good progress has been made since 2014 in the construction of renewable energy sources ✓✓ e.g. solar farms and wind farms ✓
- Standard of living might improve that will reduce poverty levels ✓✓ e.g. housing, social grants ✓
  AND / OR
  The implementation of NDP will not be successful due to the following reasons:
- Since 2014 there has been no improvement in the unemployment rate and this scenario might continue to exist ✓✓ e.g. unemployment might increase even further ✓
- The gap between rich and poor might increase further ✓✓
  The following targets set out in the NDP will be difficult to reach:
- an economic growth rate of 5% (currently 0,8%) ✓ job creation of 5 million per annum ✓
  (Accept any other correct relevant response) (4)

3.3 DATA RESPONSE

3.3.1 What happened to the standard of living of South Africans between 1996 and 2015?
It improved ✓ (1)
3.3.2 Identify an element of the Human Development Index (HDI) in the information above.
Standard of living ✓ (1)
3.3.3 What can the government do to improve the quality of service delivery even further?
The government should:

- Accept accountability and give account for their actions and expenditures ✓✓
- Improve on efficiency by appointing competent high skilled people ✓✓
- Operate according to market forces ✓✓
- Privatise those corporations that are not profitable ✓✓✓
- Assessing the needs of people ✓✓
- Put a stop to corruption / Prevent nepotism / poor management ✓✓
- Utilise the available resources more efficiently e.g. budgets ✓✓
- Practise transparency and consultation ✓✓
  (Accept any other correct relevant response) Any (1 x 2) (2)

3.3.4 How can the private sector get involved through public-private partnerships to strengthen the efforts of government?
The private sector can:

- Accept responsibility for a clean environment (street and pavement) to reduce the workload of municipalities ✓✓
- Improve the skills of their workforce through in service training without any cost for tertiary training by government ✓✓
- Offer various initiatives to government and pay for it to uplift the state of the environment, and reduce government's involvement and responsibility ✓✓ Corporate Social Investment ✓
  (Accept any other correct relevant response) Any (1 x 2) (2)

3.3.5 In your opinion, how can labour market access drive future improvement in living standards?
The following can improve the access into the labour market aimed at improved living standards:

- A better standard of basic education will improve skills needed to better the development of industry in general ✓✓ e.g. building and construction, tourism, health, service delivery ✓Proper training will ensure more people access to the job market, because they will be able to offer much needed initiative and originality to keep the business competitive in a fast changing market ✓✓
  (Accept any other correct relevant response) Any (2 x 2) (4)

3.4 Briefly discuss growth and trade as globalisation challenges that face developing countries.
Growth

Inefficiencies in management/governance leads to inefficient allocation of recourses ✓✓
It resulted in low levels of production and subsequently low levels in economic growth ✓✓ (Max 4)

Trade

Rich countries subsidise production and make it difficult for poorer/ developing countries to compete/many developing countries feel they are marginalised ✓✓
These countries have to accept low prices at relatively high input costs ✓✓ (Accept any other correct relevant response) (Max 4) (8)

3.5 How does South Africa comply with various international bodies that require them to standardise their indicators?

IMF ✓ South Africa's annual budget review is compiled in terms the IMF's Government Finance Statistics (GFS) that focuses on public finance accounting ✓✓
WORLD BANK ✓ Requires countries to report on various economic and social indicators which South Africa conforms to ✓✓ These indicators are collected and published by The World Bank group of institutions in the World Development Indicators and the African Development Indicators ✓✓. It assists the World Bank in deciding on how much loans it can make available to countries for development purposes ✓✓

United Nations ✓ South Africa conforms to the UN system in compiling their national accounts e.g. GDP statistics ✓✓ The United Nation's best known guide of economic indicators in the UN's System of National Accounts (SNA) ✓✓ e.g. changes to the Balance of Payments by the SARB ✓✓ This allows the IMF to decide how much it can make available to correct BOP deficit ✓✓ (Max 8) (8)

[40]

QUESTION 4: MACROECONOMICS AND ECONOMIC PURSUITS
4.1 Answer the following questions.

4.1.1 Give TWO reasons for public sector failure.

- Management failure ✓
- Apathy ✓
- Lack of motivation ✓
- Bureaucracy ✓
- Politicians ✓
- Structural weaknesses ✓
- Special interest group ✓ (2 x 1) (2)

4.1.2 How will a decrease in export prices affect our country's terms of trade?
It would be negatively affected because our revenue received from exports will decline ✓✓
(Accept any other correct relevant response) (1 x 2) (2)

4.2 DATA RESPONSE

4.2.1 What market is depicted in the graph above?
Foreign Exchange market/Currency market ✓ (1)

4.2.2 What effect does the shift in the demand curve have on the price of dollars?
The price of dollars will increase/appreciate ✓ (1)

4.2.3 Briefly describe the term exchange rate.
The price of one currency expressed in terms of another ✓✓ (2)

4.2.4 What will the effect of the new price for dollars be on export trade between South Africa and the United States?
Exports from South Africa will increase / more South African goods can be purchased at the same price because of the depreciation of the rand/ appreciation of the dollar ✓✓ (2)

4.2.5 Explain how an increase in the number of US tourists to South Africa will influence the value of the rand.

More US tourists in South Africa means a higher demand for ZAR / The supply of dollars will also increase ✓✓
That will result in an increase in the value of the rand ✓✓ (2 x 2) (4)

4.3 DATA RESPONSE
4.3.1 Give TWO factors in the extract above that contributed to the poor performance of the South African economy.

Slump in commodity price ✓
Weakening demand from China ✓
Drought ✓
Plunging value of the rand ✓ Any (2 x 1) (2)

4.3.2 When is a country officially in a recession?
When the country experiences a negative economic growth rate for two consecutive quarters ✓✓ (2)

4.3.3 What impact will a downgrading of South Africa's credit rating have on its economy?

Down grading implies a bigger risk for investors which might lead to an increase in interest rates ✓✓
The fact that South Africa who have very high levels of debt will have to pay higher interest rates which will definitely impact on the lower income groups who will not be able to afford goods and services ✓✓
There will be less money available for spending, that will put more pressure on the budget, the tax payer as well as social grants and infrastructure development ✓✓
A poor credit rating might increase poverty that will drive a lower standard of living which might lead to a recession ✓✓
(Accept any other correct relevant response) (2)

4.3.4 In your opinion, what can government do to stabilise the business cycle?

The government can get involved in the smoothing of cycles through monetary and fiscal policy measures ✓✓
The government can apply supply and demand side policies to stabilise prices ✓✓
The government might take measures to influence the aggregate demand that will stimulate consumer spending ✓✓
The government might take measures to influence the level of aggregate supply and lead to an increase in domestic production and lower inflation pressure ✓✓
(Accept any other correct relevant response) Any (2 x 2) (4)

4.4 Briefly discuss any TWO arguments in favour of privatisation.

Privatisation ensures additional funds (income) for government ✓✓ this will help them to maintain and manage state-owned enterprises ✓✓
The tax base will be broadened ✓✓creating more income for government ✓✓
Private enterprises are more efficient than public enterprises ✓✓ The profit motive in the private sector ensures that firms operate efficiently and at the lowest possible price ✓✓ SOE's – are bureaucratic, inefficient, unresponsive to consumer needs, poorly managed, uncreative with low levels of productivity ✓✓
Privatisation attracts more foreign investors to South Africa ✓✓ capital, skills, technology and foreign exchange flows into the country ✓✓
Privatisation relieves pressures from the budget ✓✓ deficits on the budget will decrease ✓✓
Promote black economic empowerment ✓✓ shares in public companies can be made available to black entrepreneurs ✓✓ Any (2 x 4) (8)

4.5 How will subsidies influence export-orientated businesses negatively?

By subsidising certain industries, capital and entrepreneurial talents are drawn away from other businesses who enjoyed a comparative advantage ✓✓
Subsidies reduce the total cost of production which gives businesses a false indication of the real price (distorted prices) ✓✓
Local production can be inefficient, because local producers are shielded from overseas competition ✓✓
Businesses that become too dependant on subsidies will not be able to survive once the subsidies are withdrawn ✓✓
Subsidies allow businesses to charge lower prices which edge other export competitive industries out of the market ✓✓
Foreign countries may impose tariffs on subsidized products from other countries to benefit their own industries ✓✓ Max (8) (8)

[40]
TOTAL SECTION B: 80

SECTION C
Answer any ONE of the two questions in this section in the ANSWER BOOK. Your answer will be assessed as follows:

STRUCTURE OF ESSAY	MARK ALLOCATION
Introduction	Max. 2
Body Main part: Discuss in detail/In-depth discussion/Examine/Critically discuss/Analyse/Compare/Evaluate/Distinguish/Differentiate/Explain/ Assess/Debate Additional part: Give own opinion/Critically discuss/Evaluate/Critically evaluate/Draw a graph and explain/Use the graph given and explain/ Complete the given graph/Calculate/Deduce/Compare/Explain/ Distinguish/Interpret/Briefly debate/How?/Suggest	Max. 26 Max. 10
Conclusion Any higher-order conclusion should include: A brief summary of what has been discussed without repeating facts already mentioned Any opinion or valued judgement on the facts discussed Additional support information to strengthen the discussion/analysis A contradictory viewpoint with motivation, if required Recommendations	Max. 2
TOTAL	40

QUESTION 5: MACROECONOMICS
The circular-flow model shows how the economy works via the various markets.

Discuss the role of the various markets in the circular flow without the use of a diagram. (26 marks)
Explain the multiplier concept with the aid of a well-labelled graph. (10 marks)

[40]

INTRODUCTION

The circular flow model is a simplified representation of the interaction between the participants of the economy ✓✓/
Markets coordinate economic activities and determine prices for goods and services ✓✓
(Accept any other relevant introduction) Max (2)

MAIN PART
Goods/Product/Output markets ✓
These are markets for consumer goods and services ✓✓
In economics a distinction is made between goods and services:

Goods are defined as any tangible items such as food, clothing and cars that satisfy some human wants or need ✓✓
Buying and selling of goods that are produced in markets e.g.
- Capital goods market for trading of buildings and machinery ✓✓
- Consumer goods market for trading of durable consumer goods, semi-durable consumer goods and non-durable consumer goods ✓✓
Services are defined as non-tangible actions and includes wholesale and retail, transport and financial markets ✓✓

Factors/Resources/Input markets ✓

Households sell factors of production on the markets: rent for natural resources, wages for labour, interest for capital and profit for entrepreneurship ✓✓
The factor market includes the labour, property and financial markets ✓✓

Financial markets: ✓

They are not directly involved in production of goods and services, but act as a link between households, the business sector and other participants with surplus funds ✓✓
E.g. banks, insurance companies and pension funds ✓

Money markets ✓

In the money market, short term loans and very short term funds are saved and borrowed by consumers and business enterprises ✓✓
Products sold in this market are bank debentures, treasury bills and government bonds ✓✓
The SARB is the key institution in the money market ✓✓

Capital markets ✓

In the capital market long term funds are borrowed and saved by consumers and business enterprises ✓✓
The Johannesburg Security Exchange is a key institution in the capital market ✓✓
Products sold in this market are mortgage bonds and shares ✓✓

Foreign exchange markets ✓

On the foreign exchange market businesses buy/sell foreign currencies to pay for imported goods and services ✓✓
These transactions occur in banks and consists of an electronic money transfer from one account to another ✓✓
The most important foreign exchange markets are in London/New York/Tokyo ✓✓
The S.A Rand is traded freely in these markets ✓✓ e.g. when a person buys travellers cheques to travel abroad ✓

Flows ✓

Flows of private and public goods and services are real flows and they are accompanied by counter flows of expenditures and taxes on the product market ✓✓
Factor services are real flows and they are accompanied by counter flows of income on the factor market ✓✓
Imports and exports are real flows and they are accompanied by counter flows of expenditure and revenue on the foreign exchange market ✓✓

If candidates discussed only ONE market, a maximum of 14 marks.
If candidates discussed only TWO markets, a maximum of 20 marks.
If candidates discussed THREE or more markets, the maximum of 26 marks.
Allocate a maximum of 8 MARKS for lower order elements, inclusive of headings, sub-headings or examples.

ADDITIONAL PART
Explain the multiplier concept with the aid of a well-labelled graph.

MARK ALLOCATION FOR GRAPH:

Labelling of axis = 1 mark
Labelling on axis = 1 mark
C₁ / C₂ = 1 mark
45° line = 1 mark
Change in Y and E = 1 mark each

MAX 6 MARKS

The multiplier describes the fact that changes in spending/expenditure have an impact on income that is greater than the original change in spending ✓✓
Expenditure/spending increase from 20 to 50 (expenditure change by 30) which causes an increase in income from 300 to 700 (Income change by 400) ✓✓
∆Y / ∆J = 400 / 30 = 13.3 ✓✓
Therefore for each R1 increase in expenditure the aggregate income will rise by R13,30 ✓✓ Max (6) (Max 10)

CONCLUSION
Markets are critically important institutions in our economic system, because they regulate supply and demand and safeguard price stability and general business confidence ✓✓ Max (2)

[40]

QUESTION 6: ECONOMIC PURSUITS
Government actions encourage operations and new investments to boost industrial development.

Discuss South Africa's Spatial Development Initiatives (SDIs), highlighting its initiatives, objectives and Industrial Development Zones (IDZs). (26 marks)
What advice would you give government to promote industrial development in South Africa? (10 marks) [40]

INTRODUCTION
Regional development refers to policies which are aimed at increasing the economic livelihood op specific areas or regions ✓✓
(Any other relevant introduction) Max (2)
MAIN PART
Spatial Development Initiatives

SDI is a policy to promote sustainable industrial development in areas where poverty and unemployment are at their highest ✓✓
It can be defined as a link between important economic hubs and regions in a country ✓✓
The intention was to grow the SDI's mostly through private sector investment ✓✓
The state was to enhance inward investment through the granting of incentives ✓✓
The Public Private Partnerships, promotes the economic potential of underdeveloped areas ✓✓
In a PPP a private business may provide the capital to build the factory and to buy raw materials and employ labour, while the government provides the capital for the infrastructure ✓✓ e.g. roads and water ✓
There are 2 types of PPPs which are compensated differently: unitary payments and user-fees ✓✓
The SDI involves an interdepartmental investment strategy that the DTI and the Department of Transport (DOT) lead ✓✓
Objectives of Spatial Development Initiatives
Develop physical infrastructure such as roads and harbours ✓✓
Stimulate economic activities in the underdeveloped areas ✓✓
Create employment and stimulate economic growth in the underdeveloped areas ✓✓
Develop inherent economic potential in the under developed areas ✓✓
Attract private sector and foreign direct (FDI) investment ✓✓
Establish Public Private Partnerships (PPP) ✓✓
Corridors ✓
These are spatial areas that offer specific advantages to mining, manufacturing and other businesses ✓✓
The advantages also include the presence of existing infrastructure and the specialisation of products or services ✓✓
These corridors are development areas within South Africa and are the development priorities of all development agencies ✓✓
The DTI provides help in support of the development corridors ✓✓
E.g. Maputo corridor that starts in Gauteng and extends through Mpumalanga to the Maputo port ✓✓
The above discussion includes:

the initiatives and

objectives of the SDIs

and Corridors. (Max 18)

Industrial Development Zones (IDZs)

They are purpose-built industrial estates, physically enclosed and linked to a port or airport ✓✓
They are in duty-free import areas ✓✓
This strategy was aimed at making exports internationally competitive ✓✓
They focus on creating jobs and promoting exports ✓✓
The idea is that goods produced in these zones should be exported to foreign countries ✓✓
As services are provided from outside, the economy in the areas should be stimulated ✓
An IDZ offers a world-class infrastructure, enjoys a zero rate of VAT on supplies from South African sources and reduced taxation on some products ✓✓

Special Economic Zones ✓

It creates a basis for a broader range of industrial parks and provide economic infrastructure to promote employment ✓✓
It was introduced because of the limitations of the IDZs and need not be linked to a port of airport ✓✓
IDZs are only created for export industries while the SEZs cater for exports and domestic consumption ✓✓
Geographically demarcated area where specific economic activities have been identified to be developed ✓✓
These areas may enjoy incentives such as tax relief ✓✓ e.g. 15% incentive to attract new industries ✓
The above discussion includes:

IDZs

and SEZs (Max 14)
Allocate a maximum of 8 MARKS for lower order elements, inclusive of headings, sub-headings or examples.

Also allocate marks for the following: Small Business Support Program, Seda Technology Program, Duty Free Incentives, Foreign Investment Incentives and Services to Business Processes, Infrastructure Plan, Strategic Integrated Projects, Critical Infrastructure Programme, Skills Development Programme, Customs free incentives, Foreign investment incentives, Services to business processes

ADDITIONAL PART
The government can be advised to:

offer incentives to domestic and foreign entrepreneurs who establish new businesses in South Africa ✓✓
pay incentives that will create an investor friendly environment for foreign direct investment to flow into the country ✓✓
What the government can do to promote industrial development:
- Provide tax incentives and relief for the young industries ✓✓
- Develop a user-friendly labour regime for the country that both employer employee sensitive at the same promoting growth and development ✓✓
- Provide funding schemes for upstart businesses for support growth and development ✓✓
- Provide skills development programmes and offer cash grants as incentives to those who engage in this capacity development programmes ✓✓
- Critical Infrastructure Facilities (CIF)
- The government specify financial incentives in the form of a cash grant of up to 50% to large enterprises requiring critical infrastructure such as roads, electricity water and purification services ✓✓
All these incentives are aimed at encouraging the development of businesses to support the state's effort to promote industrial development ✓✓
(Accept any other correct relevant answer) Max (10)

CONCLUSION
Despite all the efforts from government it would be important to see a more rapid growth in this area of the economy, there are still too many poor people in South Africa without a job. The industrial sector is earmarked as safety net for the millions of jobless people in the rural areas ✓✓
(Accept any other correct relevant response) Max (2)