HISTORY
PAPER 2
GRADE 12
NSC PAST PAPERS AND MEMOS
FEBRUARY/MARCH 2018
INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION
SECTION A: SOURCE-BASED QUESTIONS
Answer at least ONE question, but not more than TWO questions, in this section. Source material to be used to answer these questions is contained in the ADDENDUM.
QUESTION 1: WHY DID THE APARTHEID REGIME DETAIN BLACK CONSCIOUSNESS LEADER, BANTU STEPHEN BIKO?
Study Sources 1A, 1B, 1C and 1D and answer the questions that follow.
1.1 Refer to Source 1A.
1.1.1 Define the concept Black Consciousness in your own words. (1 x 2) (2)
1.1.2 Name THREE places in the source where the Black Consciousness Movement became popular. (3 x 1) (3)
1.1.3 How, according to the source, was Mthuli Shezi killed. (1 x 2) (2)
1.1.4 List THREE methods that the apartheid regime used to harass black political activists. (3 x 1) (3)
1.1.5 Using the information in the source and your own knowledge, explain how the apartheid regime responded to the Black Consciousness Movement in 1973. (2 x 2) (4)
1.2 Read Source 1B.
1.2.1 Why, according to the source, did the South African police force set up roadblocks? (1 x 2) (2)
1.2.2 What prompted Colonel Oosthuizen to take Steve Biko and Peter Jones to a police station in Grahamstown? (1 x 2) (2)
1.2.3 Explain why you think Biko decided to identify himself at the police station. (1 x 2) (2)
1.2.4 Using the information in the source and your own knowledge, comment on why the police decided to separate Biko and Jones. (2 x 2) (4)
1.3 Study Source 1C.
1.3.1 Why, according to the Minister of Justice, was Steve Biko arrested? (2 x 1) (2)
1.3.2 Comment on the usefulness of the information in this source for a historian researching how Biko was murdered. (2 x 2) (4)
1.4 Use Source 1D.
1.4.1 Explain why you think this article was published on the front page of the Rand Daily Mail. (2 x 2) (4)
1.4.2 Comment on the newspaper headline 'No sign of hunger strike – Biko doctors' in the context of how Biko was murdered. (2 x 2) (4)
1.5 Compare Sources 1C and 1D. Explain how the evidence in Source 1C differs from the information in Source 1D regarding the death of Steve Biko. (2 x 2) (4)
1.6 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words) explaining why the apartheid regime detained Black Consciousness leader, Bantu Stephen Biko. (8) [50]
QUESTION 2: WHY WAS THE AMNESTY PROCESS OF THE TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSION (TRC) REGARDED AS CONTROVERSIAL?
Study Sources 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D and answer the questions that follow. 2.1 Refer to Source 2A.
2.1.1 Why, according to the source, was the TRC established? (1 x 2) (2)
2.1.2 Name the THREE subcommittees of the TRC referred to in the source. (3 x 1) (3)
2.1.3 Define the concept amnesty in the context of the TRC hearings. (1 x 2) (2)
2.1.4 Why do you think anti-apartheid activists were against the granting of amnesty to perpetrators? (1 x 2) (2)
2.1.5 What, according to the source, were the TWO preconditions for amnesty to be granted? (2 x 1) (2)
2.2 Consult Source 2B.
2.2.1 Why, according to the source, was the Amnesty Committee established? (1 x 2) (2)
2.2.2 What was Naomi Tutu's initial opinion regarding the amnesty process of the TRC? (1 x 2) (2)
2.2.3 Explain why 72% of white South Africans felt that the TRC worsened race relations. (2 x 2) (4)
2.2.4 Comment on whether you agree with Antjie Krog's point of view that the TRC was less successful 'in convincing South Africans of the moral truth'. (2 x 2) (4)
2.3 Read Source 2C.
2.3.1 Who, according to the source, were granted blanket amnesty by the TRC? (1 x 1) (1)
2.3.2 Why, according to the evidence in the source, was the TRC's decision of 1997 regarded as controversial? (1 x 2) (2)
2.3.3 Comment on why you think observers were critical about the TRC's decision to grant amnesty to members of the ANC. (2 x 2) (4)
2.3.4 Using the information in the source and your own knowledge, explain why a historian would find the source useful when researching the TRC's amnesty process. (2 x 2) (4)
2.4 Study Source 2D.
2.4.1What messages are conveyed in the cartoon regarding blanket amnesty with reference to the following:
(a) National Party (NP) (1 x 2) (2)
(b) African National Congress (ANC) (1 x 2) (2)
2.4.2 Comment on what you think was implied by the words in the speech bubble 'EASY NOW … SOONER OR LATER, YOU'VE GOT TO GIVE IT UP' in the context of the amnesty hearings that were held by the TRC. (2 x 2) (4)
2.5 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words) explaining why the amnesty process of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission was regarded as controversial. (8) [50]
QUESTION 3: HOW DO MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS SUCH AS McDONALD'S EXPLOIT WORKERS?
Study Sources 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D and answer the questions that follow. 3.1 Refer to Source 3A.
3.1.1 List THREE ways in the source in which global corporations were allowed to operate. (3 x 1) (3)
3.1.2 Define the concept multinational corporations in the context of globalisation. (1 x 2) (2)
3.1.3 Why, according to the source, was it possible for multinational corporations to move their companies to developing countries? (2 x 1) (2)
3.1.4 Comment on how you think multinational corporations benefitted Western countries. (2 x 2) (4)
3.2 Study Source 3B.
3.2.1 What, according to the source, was McDonald's only goal? (1 x 1) (1)
3.2.2 Why did Greenpeace not support McDonald's vision for 'global domination'? (1 x 2) (2)
3.2.3 How, according to the source, were customers affected by food they bought at McDonald's? Give TWO examples. (2 x 1) (2)
3.2.4 Using the evidence in the source and your own knowledge, explain how McDonald's exploited its workers. (2 x 2) (4)
3.3 Use Source 3C.
Explain the messages conveyed in the cartoon regarding:
3.3.1 McDonald's workers (1 x 2) (2)
3.3.2 McDonald's customers (1 x 2) (2)
3.4 Study Sources 3B and 3C. Explain how the information in Source 3B and Source 3C are similar regarding the treatment of workers at McDonald's food outlets. (2 x 2) (4)
3.5 Consult Source 3D.
3.5.1 Explain how Greenpeace in London responded to McDonald's food products. (2 x 2) (4)
3.5.2 Comment on the strategies that McDonald's used to silence its critics. (2 x 2) (4)
3.5.3 Name the TWO respondents that brought a libel suit against McDonald's. (2 x 1) (2)
3.5.4 Using the information in the source and your own knowledge, explain to what extent a historian would find this source useful when researching the response of civil society organisations to McDonald's. (2 x 2) (4)
3.6 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words) explaining how multinational corporations, such as McDonald's, exploit workers. (8) [50]
SECTION B: ESSAY QUESTIONS
Answer at least ONE question, but not more than TWO questions, in this section. Your essay should be about THREE pages long.
QUESTION 4: CIVIL RESISTANCE, 1970s TO 1980s: SOUTH AFRICA: THE CRISIS OF APARTHEID IN THE 1980s
Boycotts, disinvestments and sanctions by the international anti-apartheid movements were largely responsible for the eventual downfall of PW Botha's regime in the 1980s.
Do you agree with the statement? Support your line of argument with relevant evidence. [50]
QUESTION 5: THE COMING OF DEMOCRACY TO SOUTH AFRICA AND COMING TO TERMS WITH THE PAST
The violence and uncertainty that South Africa experienced during the early 1990s made the road to democracy almost impossible.
Explain to what extent you agree with the statement above. Support your line of argument with relevant evidence. [50]
QUESTION 6: THE END OF THE COLD WAR AND A NEW WORLD ORDER: THE EVENTS OF 1989
The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1989 served as a turning point for South Africa.
Critically discuss this statement with reference to how events in the Soviet Union influenced the political transformation that occurred in South Africa. [50]
TOTAL: 150