RELIGION STUDIES PAPER 1
GRADE 12
NOVEMBER 2020
MEMORANDUM
NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE

SECTION A (COMPULSORY)
QUESTION 1
1.1
1.1.1 C√ (1)
1.1.2 B√ (1)
1.1.3 D√ (1)
1.1.4 B√ (1)
1.1.5 C√ (1)
1.1.6 B√ (1)
1.1.7 D√ (1)
1.1.8 C√ (1)
1.1.9 B√ (1)
1.1.10 C√ (1)
1.2
1.2.1 Hermeneutics √ (1)
1.2.2 2 000 √ (1)
1.2.3 Taoism √ (1)
1.2.4 Reformation/Protestant Movement √ (1)
1.2.5 Mahatma Gandhi √ (1)
1.2.6 All powerful/Almighty √ (1)
1.3
1.3.1 E√ (1)
1.3.2 C√ (1)
1.3.3 G√ (1)
1.3.4 D√ (1)
1.3.5 B√ (1)
1.3.6 F√ (1)
1.4
1.4.1 Vedanta √
The others are Hindu gods/goddesses. √ (2)
1.4.2 Pope Benedict XVI √
The others are atheists.√ (2)
1.4.3 Ramayana √
The others are subdivisions of Buddhism. √ (2)
1.4.4 Ilima √
The others are people who take the lead in rituals. √ (2)
1.4.5 Halakhah √
The others are holy books in Hinduism. √ (2)
1.4.6 The Ten Commandments √
The others are found in Taoism. √ (2)
1.5
1.5.1 TRUE √√ (2)
1.5.2 FALSE √
Tibetan Buddhism is esoteric.√ (2)
1.5.3 FALSE √
Tripitaka, meaning 'three baskets', is a sacred book of Buddhism √ (2)
1.5.4 FALSE √
A mantra is a short sacred verse/phrase used repeatedly in prayer or meditation. √ (2)
1.5.5 FALSE. √
Shinto, a religion which includes the worship of nature, originated in Japan. √ (2)
1.6
1.6.1

• Allegory is the same as parable but much longer. √
• It is not restricted to making one single point. √
• It does not necessarily contain a definite moral. √ (2)

1.6.2

• The word comes from the Greek word dogma, which means appearance or opinion. √
• It is a principal tenet or system laid down by a collective authority. √
• It refers to a set of beliefs taken to be absolutely true and fixed. √ (2)

1.6.3

• It is the standard collection of scriptures in Theravada Buddhism.
• It is the oldest complete form of the Tripitaka. (2)

TOTAL SECTION A: 50

SECTION B
QUESTION 2
2.1 NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited.
2.1.1

• The concept is used as a substitute for religion.
• It has to do with the prevailing, overarching worldviews that shape meaning and overall patterns of existence. (2)

2.1.2

• It is a synonym for teaching.
• It is a statement of essential beliefs. (2)

2.1.3

• It is a summary of the beliefs of a religion.
• This word is often used as a synonym for a person's religion or religious belief or faith. (2)

2.1.4

• This is the same as moral principles.
• It differentiates between right and wrong. (2)

2.1.5

• It refers to the individuality or personality that distinguishes one religion from another.
• It is the combination of all the characteristics belonging to a particular religion. (2)

2.2
2.2.1

• Shahada/there is no god apart from Allah and Mohamed is his prophet.
•  A Muslim must bear witness to this belief.
• A Muslim must worship only Allah.
• This is the foundation of the belief and religion of a Muslim.
• Salat/the formal daily prayers.
• A Muslim plans his/her day according to the times of formal prayers daily.
• Zakat/paying one's social tax.
• A Muslim is aware of his/her social responsibility.
• A Muslim develops empathy for the poor.
• Hajj/pilgrimage to Mecca
• A Muslim sacrifices his/her time and wealth for the pleasure of God. He/She makes a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in his/her lifetime.
• Sawm/fasting in the month of Ramadan.
• This practice of fasting should give a Muslim a sense of solidarity with the poor.
• It helps to develop God-consciousness. (8)

2.2.2

• You shall have no other gods before me.
• A Jew/Christian must worship and believe God alone.
• You shall not make for yourselves graven images.
• A Jew/Christian must not worship false idols.
• You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain.
• At all times and in all aspects, including speech, a Jew/Christian must be aware of the holiness of God.
• Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy.
• Time needs to be set aside from regular activities, to focus on worshipping God.
• Honour your father and your mother.
• Parents and all those in legitimate authority need to be respected.
• You shall not kill.
• A Jew/Christian must treat life, your own and others', as sacred and precious.
• You shall not commit adultery.
• Because marriage is sacred, sex outside of it is sinful.
• You shall not steal.
• A Jew/Christian may not take what does not belong to him/her.
• You shall not bear false witness against your neighbour.
• A Jew/Christian may not tell lies about others.
• You shall not covet that which belongs to your neighbour
• A Jew/Christian may not wrongfully desire and be jealous of what belongs to his/her neighbour.
  NOTE: Any relevant point must be credited. (8)

2.3

• African Traditional Religion (ATR) does not have sacred scriptures.
• In Islam the sacred scripture, the Qur'an, plays a central role.
• ATR has a strong oral tradition.
• There is oral tradition in Islam (collected in the Hadith, for example).
• But the emphasis is on teaching of the Qur'an, even to young Muslims.
• In ATR the Elders hand down the teaching orally.
• There is a certain amount of teaching and training by older to younger generation in Islam also.
• Islamic religious teaching is usually carried out by an experienced religious leader or scholar. The young attend Muslim school called the madrassah.
  NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (12)

2.4
2.4.1

• Jews believe Yahweh revealed himself to Moses.
• Their divinely inspired sacred scripture, the Torah, was revealed to Moses on Mount Sinai.
• God entered into a covenant with them that they would be His 'chosen people' and in turn they would worship Him alone.
  NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited (4)

2.4.2

• Followers believe that Bahá'u'lláh is the most recent of God's messengers.
• This religion teaches that in time there will be only one religion in the world, the Bahá'i Faith.
• They are inclusive of all religions.
• They teach that all religions can be seen as different stages of humanity's spiritual development as we move towards a one world faith.
  NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (4)

2.4.3

• The purpose of life is to attain the state of Nirvana.
• A follower can attain Nirvana through individual effort,
• and by following the Eightfold Path.
  NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (4)

[50]

QUESTION 3
3.1.1

• The Western view revolves around the individual, who has a personal right to freely choose his/her religion or non-religion.
• The Western understanding of religion means that the follower may choose to belong to only one religion at a time.
• The Eastern view is not individualistic; it is community-minded and inclusive.
• There is the freedom to belong to more than one religion at the same time.
• In Eastern culture, religion is seen as communal, in a spirit of tolerance.
• In the West, one’s religion must not impact on the rights of others.
• Many Eastern people say they are Buddhist and followers of Confucius at the same time; or, in Japan, both Shinto and Buddhist. (12)

3.1.2

• The difference, Professor Sharma thinks, could lead ultimately to a lack of religious freedom.
• It would be ironic that the very concept of religious freedom could result in less religious freedom. (2)

3.2

• Religious freedom, amongst others, is enshrined in the Bill of Rights of the SA Constitution.
• The Constitution is the highest law of the land.
• Equality, as a cornerstone of our Constitution, includes the equality of all religions in the eyes of the state.
• The South African Human Rights Commission protects all the human rights listed in the Bill of Rights.
• South Africa has a Council of Religious Leaders which deals with religious matters, including religious freedom.
  NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (6)

3.3
3.3.1

• People do not have a choice about their religion.
• They are forced into a particular religion.
• They may not reach the point of personal conversion and conviction.
• People will be discriminated against on the basis of their religion. It could lead to armed conflict. (4)

3.3.2

• There is less accountability of religious leaders.
• Freedom and lack of boundaries can lead to strange explorations and experimentation.
• The spirit of freedom, almost of 'anything goes', loosens the grip of religion.
• Religion may be growing weaker as the world becomes increasingly secular.
• There is an erosion of morality, as society becomes secular. (4)

3.4
3.4.1 EXAMPLE 1: ISLAM

• 'Let there be no compulsion in religion. (Qur'an, Sura 2, verse 256)'
  Islam does not teach conversion through any kind of force.
• 'Invite all to the Way of thy Lord with wisdom and beautiful preaching. (Qur'an, Sura 16, verse 125)'
  Islam teaches that you should give witness to the beauty of your religion and so attract and win over people.
• Islam teaches that all are created equal by Allah. All are therefore part of the same family no matter what they believe and should treat one another as brothers and sisters.
  NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited.

EXAMPLE 2: CHRISTIANITY

• The teaching that every person is born in the image and likeness of God and as such is of infinite worth and deserving of human dignity.
• The great commandment teaches that a Christian should love God, his/her neighbour and him/herself. One's 'neighbour' is not limited by the neighbour's religion.
• There is freedom of religion because Christianity teaches that genuine conversion is a free choice.

NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (4)
3.4.2

• A person is free to choose the religion he/she wishes to follow.
• A person is free to worship anywhere he/she chooses.
• A person is free to carry out the observances of his/her religion, as long as they do not infringe on the rights of another.
  NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (4)

3.4.3

• Derogatory and insulting comments can be directed at people whose religious beliefs and practices are different from the dominant group..
• Negative pressure is put on people whose religion is different, so that they feel excluded.
• Boko Haram attacks in rural Nigeria,
• persecution of religious minorities in India,,
• ethnic cleansing of Rogingya Muslims in Myanmar
• NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (2)

3.5 An emphasis on our rights only is one-sided and easily leads to the imbalance of entitlement and insufficient consideration of the equal rights of others. (2)
3.6 EXAMPLE 1: CHRISTIANITY

• All people are equal in the eyes of God. (Ephesians, 2: 1 – 14)
• All people are created in the image of God.
• They must be treated with dignity.
• They must all be equally respected.
• No person should dominate another.
• No one should exploit another.
  NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited.

EXAMPLE 2: BAHÁ'I FAITH

• It teaches that all humans are created in the image of God
• It promotes oneness of humanity.
• It promotes mutual respect between men and women.
• Bahá'i teaching makes it clear that no group should regard itself as superior.
• The Bahá'i believe that inequalities, such as poverty, are equally immoral and should be reduced.
• The Bahá'i hate racism and sees humanity as a single race.
  NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (10)

[50]

QUESTION 4
4.1
4.1.1

• Media articles consist of stories about extremist Muslims, but ignore the high level extremism in other religions.
• The religion of Norwegian mass murderer Anders Breivik is not mentioned by mass media.
• He identifies himself as a Christian protector.
• In media reports of the massacre at Srebrenica in 1995, the victims are described as Muslim, but the religion of the perpetrators is not mentioned. (4)

4.1.2

• The media should include both extremist Muslims and extremists in other religions.
• E.g. extremist attacks are conducted by some Muslims, e.g. Boko Haram, and other attacks are conducted by some Buddhist monks.(Rohingya massacre in Myanmar)
• Anders Breivik was a Christian terrorist. His name should also be associated with his religion.
• 8 000 Bosnian men and boys were killed by Serbs.
• The Bosnian Muslim men and boys were killed by Christian Serbs. (4)

4.1.3 It is person who holds extreme and often violent religious views. (2)
4.1.4

• Bodu Bala Sena or Buddhist Power Force founded by Buddhist monks in 2012, has organized various terror campaigns against Muslim and Christian communities in Sri Lanka. (https:\\www.al Jazeera.com)
• RSS, an Indian right-wing Hindu nationalist paramilitary volunteer organization, is widely regarded as the parent organization of the ruling party in India. It is suspected of mass attacks on the Muslim communities in the country. (https:\\www.indiatoday.in) (2)

4.1.5

• When violent acts are committed by Muslims, their religion is mentioned as a cause.
• When extremists from other religions commit violent acts, they are described by the media as political activists, and the religion of the perpetrators is omitted. (4)

4.1.6

• Media should treat all religions equally.
• Media should be sensitive in reporting.
• Media should avoid using offensive words in relation to certain religions.
• Information should be verified with reliable sources.
• Media should be objective.
• Media should endeavour to understand religious teachings and practices. (10)

4.1.7

• Religious organisations should engage mainstream media in dialogue on religious discourse.
• They need to remind the media that biased reporting may lead to conflict.
• They should emphasise the importance of objectivity and impartiality in reporting. (4)

4.2
4.2.1

• It is the abuse of religion for self-enrichment.
• Religion is used for money-making. (2)

4.2.2

• Religious leaders are highly respected and trusted by their congregants.
• People are desperate for miracles, and therefore become victims of scams.
• People are gullible and vulnerable because of their challenging circumstances, such as poverty and incurable disease. They unconditionally accept the authority of religious leaders.
• Religious leaders are in a power relationship and can easily manipulate their congregants.
  NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (6)

4.2.3 It is a formal gathering of different religious leaders with a view to develop solutions to the specific problems. (2)
4.2.4

• Religious leaders violate the rights of their congregants.
• Religious leaders exploit their congregants for financial gain.
• They are accused of sexually abusing their congregants.
• They are accused of emotional abuse of their congregants. (6)

4.2.5 YES

• It will be inclusive of all religious leaders.
• These leaders represent a large section of society.
• The religious leaders acknowledge the problems and are determined to do something about them.
• The leaders will come up with collective decisions/resolutions. NO
• All religions and religious leaders have been invited, but no one can be forced to attend and participate.
• Because each religion is autonomous, the commission cannot dictate terms on them.
• Those who benefit financially might be resistant to change.
• They will also say that attending religious gatherings is voluntary, as are financial contributions.
• Since there are no regulations at present and the summit outcomes are not binding, there is no guarantee that a meaningful solution will be attained. (4)

[50]

QUESTION 5
5.1
5.1.1

• Swami Vivekananda (1863–1902) is credited with bringing Hinduism and its Vedantic thought to the United States. OR
• At the first Parliament of the World's Religions he made an impression because his talks on Hinduism awakened western interest in the religion. (4)

5.1.2

• As leader of (Tibetan) Buddhism, he is a friend of many religious leaders.
• He is respected for the message of peace he spreads amongst religions all over the world.
• He is the winner of a Nobel Peace Prize for his peace efforts. . (4)

5.2
5.2.1

• PROCMURA focuses on good relationships between Christianity and Islam in particular.
• IFAPA works on good relationships between all religions without a particular emphasis. (4)

5.2.2

• It brings together religious communities, civil society, private sector and governments.
• It sends interfaith delegations to conflict risk areas.
• It has formed the IFAPA Women Network.
• It has established regional Youth Networks.
• It has inaugurated the Rural Water Project in Rwanda.
• It has launched the Mother's Cry for a Healthy Africa.
  NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited (8)

5.2.3 It is the consultative body between the government and religious organisations. (2)
5.3
5.3.1 Believers create a new religion by combining the teachings, beliefs, practices of different religions. (2)
5.3.2 All religions are paths towards the truth and are equally true. (2)
5.3.3 Members believe that other religions are valid, but the full truth can only be found in his/her own religion. (2)
5.4

• The South African Council of Churches.
• Its main function was to address racism.
• It addresses crime and violence in the communities.
• It also addresses poverty.
  NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (6)

5.5

• The idea of a 'go-between' or intermediary is very important in this religion.
• The ancestors are intermediaries between the spirit-world and the human-world.
• The sangomas or diviners are intermediaries between humans and the ancestors.
• Interaction between the Supreme Being and humans takes place through the ancestors, because the Supreme Being is remote from humans.
• The ancestors play a very important role because they are mediators and protectors of the clan.
• A respected and credible elderly person in the family can be understood as an intermediary.
  NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (10)

5.6

• Stage 1 is the student stage.
• Stage 2 is the married or family stage.
• Stage 3 is the retirement stage.
• The fourth (optional) stage of the devout person (Sannyasin). (6)

[50]
TOTAL SECTION B: 100
GRAND TOTAL: 150