CIVIL TECHNOLOGY: CIVIL SERVICES
GRADE 12 
NSC EXAMS
PAST PAPERS AND MEMOS
NOVEMBER 2018

MEMORANDUM 

QUESTION 1: OHSA, MATERIALS, TOOLS, EQUIPMENT AND JOINING  (GENERIC) 
1.1 
1.1.1 F ✔ (1)
1.1.2 A ✔ (1)
1.1.3 G ✔ (1)
1.1.4 E ✔ (1)
1.1.5 B ✔ (1) 
1.2

  • Do not throw any tools or materials from a scaffold. ✔ 
  • Never jump on to and off a scaffold. ✔ 
  • Never overload a scaffold.
  • Remove or cover sharp edges or corners.
  • Always attach free-standing scaffoldings to a building.
  • Use a ladder to get on and off a scaffold.
  • Keep free of waste or any other obstruction.
  • Never jump on a scaffold while working on it.
  • Responsible/qualified person must ensure that scaffolding is safe,  rigid, stable and firm or has no defects.
  • Scaffold must be supplied with guard rails/toe boards.
  • Scaffolds must be levelled on uneven ground.
  • Do not work on a scaffold in bad weather.
  • Wear a safety harness when working on scaffolding.
  • Do not throw tools on/off a scaffold.
    ANY TWO OF THE ABOVE (2) 

1.3

  • It prevents workers from falling off the scaffold. ✔ 
  • It is used as a handrail. ✔ 
  • It is used to strap on safety harnesses.
  • To protect the worker working on the scaffold.
    ANY TWO OF THE ABOVE (2) 

1.4

  • The primary purpose of painting is to protect metals, wood and other  material against corrosion and decay. ✔ 
  • Provides a decorative/aesthetic appearance/finishing. ✔
  • Protects surfaces from moisture penetration. 
  • Protects surfaces from rust/uv rays.
    ANY TWO OF THE ABOVE (2)

1.5 The curing of concrete: 

  • Increases the strength of concrete. ✔ 
  • Decreases the permeability of hardened concrete. 
  • Improves durability of concrete by reducing cracks.
  • Makes concrete more watertight.
  • Minimises shrinkage cracks in concrete.
  • Provides volume stability.
  • Cured concrete can carry more weight without breaking/crumbling   than uncured concrete.
  • Prevents rapid drying of concrete.
  • Curing ensures that the hydration process continues.
    ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE (1)

1.6 
1.6.1 Multi detector ✔ (1) 
1.6.2 Tool A is used: 

  • to detect materials found in/behind walls, ceilings and   underneath floors, including ferrous and non-ferrous metals,   electrical wiring, wood and metal studs. ✔ 
  • to locate steel bars and copper pipes. ✔ 
  • in carpentry, plumbing, and construction.
  • to measure the distance to/from covered objects.
    ANY TWO OF THE ABOVE (2) 

1.6.3 The batteries must be removed from the tool: 

  • to prevent the battery from running flat/battery can die. ✔
  • to prevent acid leaks from batteries damaging the tool.
    ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE (1)

1.7 
1.7.1

  • A – Bolt and nut/Bolt ✔ 
  • B – Rawl bolt ✔ (2) 

1.7.2 Bolt and nut 

  • Bolts and nuts are used to secure pipe supports to metal   parts. ✔ 
  • To join components together. 

Rawl bolt 

  • A Rawl bolt is used to fix a truss hanger to a wall. ✔ 
  • To fix brackets/structures/panels to a wall/concrete. 
  •  For construction, renovation and industrial work
    ANY TWO OF THE ABOVE (2) [20]

QUESTION 2: GRAPHICS AS METHOD OF COMMUNICATION (GENERIC)  
ANSWER SHEET 2

NO. 

QUESTIONS 

ANSWERS 

MARKS

Identify FIGURE A. 

South Elevation/Elevation ✔ 

1

Identify FIGURE B. 

Ground floor plan/Floorplan ✔ 

1

Identify number 4.

First floor level/Second floor  level/Suspended floor/Floor level/  Dash line/ FFL/Expansion joint ✔ 

1

Identify number 5. 

Window Sill ✔ 

1

Identify number 9.

Hand wash basin/Wash  basin/Washing basin/HWB/Basin ✔

1

Identify number 10. 

Water closet/WC/Toilet pan ✔ 

1

Identify number 11. 

Bath/B ✔ 

1

On what date was the plan printed? 

2018/10/02 ✔ 

1

Who drew the building plan? 

JP Maloi ✔ 

1

10

Name the feature in the column for the  notes in FIGURE 2 that must be  installed in front of the sliding door.

Ramp ✔ 

1

11

Name the feature in the column for the  notes in FIGURE 2 that must give  access to the first floor.

Staircase/Stairs/Stairway✔ 

1

12 

Identify the type of roof that is used for  the building in FIGURE A.

Gable roof ✔ 

1

13 

Explain the purpose of number 1.

To cover the opening/close the gap  between the two slopes of the roof.  ✔ 
Prevent water and other elements  from entering the roof.  
ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE

1

14 

Explain the purpose of number 2.

  • To prevent water from falling onto the ground ✔
  • To collect rainwater 
  • To channel the rainwater into  the downpipe 
  • To protect the wall from water ∙ To hide the rafters/finish off the  roof
    ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE 

1

15 

Explain the abbreviation FFL at  number 6.

Finished floor level ✔ 

1

16 

Explain the purpose of number 7.

To channel the water from the gutter  to the ground. ✔

1

17

Explain the meaning of the arrow on  the feature that must be installed in  front of the sliding door.

It indicates the direction of the slope  of the ramp/it indicates the slope. ✔

1

18 

Explain what is meant by 1:10  indicated on the symbol in the notes.

It indicates the slope or the gradient  of the ramp/for every 10 metres  horizontally rises 1 metre vertically.✔

1

19 

Which room will feature 15 serve? 

The bathroom. ✔ 

1

20 

Explain the short dash lines on the  windows. 

  • Indicates what direction the  window is opening/window  opening. ✔
  • Indicates the location of the  hinges.
  • Indicates the location of the  casement stay.
    ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE 

1

21 

Deduce the height of window 2 from  the window schedule. 

1,2 m or 1 200 mm ✔(Ignore units) 

1

22 

Deduce the width of window 3 from  the window schedule. 

2 m or 2 000 mm ✔(Ignore units) 

1

23 

On what elevation of the building is  the bathroom window situated? 

Western elevation/Western side ✔ 

1

24 

Differentiate between component  number 3 and component number 8.

3 – window/window frame/reveal  frame stile/casement stile ✔ 
8 – sliding door /door frame/  door/reveal /sliding door stile ✔

2

25 

Differentiate between the light in the  lounge and the light in the bathroom.

The light in the lounge is a  fluorescent light/1 x 40W/2x40/3x40  fluorescent light ✔ and the light in  the bathroom is a normal ceiling  light ✔

2

26 

Recommend a suitable floor covering  for the bathroom.

Tile/ Vinyl flooring(Novilon)/  Coloured screed/Polished or stained  concrete flooring/Water proof  laminated floor/carpet. ✔ 
ANY ACCEPTABLE ANSWER

1

27

Recommend an appropriate scale to  which FIGURE A should be drawn,  according to SANS.

1:50/100/200 ✔ 

1

28

Recommend an alternative sanitary  fitment to replace number 11 that will  serve a similar purpose.

Shower ✔ 

1

29 

Calculate the internal area of the office  in m² Show ALL calculations.

4 m ✔ x 3 m ✔ = 12 m² ✔ OR 12
4 000✔ X 3 000✔ = 12 000 000mm2

3

30

Calculate the perimeter of the building. Show ALL calculations.

Positive marking  
(220 + 3 000 + 110 + 2 800 + 220) ✔ x 2 ✔ = 6 350 x 2  =12 700 mm ✔ 
(220 + 4 000 + 110 + 2 000 + 220) ✔ x 2 ✔ = 6 550 x 2 = 13 100 mm ✔ 
12 700 + 13 100 mm = 25 800 mm ✔ OR = 25,8 m

7

   

TOTAL 

40

QUESTION 3: CONSTRUCTION ASSOCIATED WITH CIVIL SERVICES, OHS AND QUANTITIES (SPECIFIC) 
3.1
3.1.1

  • A manhole is a chamber that allows entrance to a drain. ✔ (1) 
  • Allow access to the sewage pipes of a sewage system.
    ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE 

3.1.2 Benching/Sloping/Haunching ✔ (1)
3.1.3 Pipe channel/Open channel/Channel ✔ (1) 
3.1.4 Manholes are set in frames and have greased double seals for the  following reasons: 

  • To make the manhole airtight. ✔
  • To make the manhole watertight. ✔ 
  • To ensure that gasses cannot escape. 
  • To ensure that liquids cannot escape.(2) 

3.2 
MEMO 1 KJJHIAUD(10) 

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 

MARK 

LEARNER MARK

FIVE courses of bricks in stretcher  bond correctly drawn 

5

 

Alternate half bricks on left side 

3

 

Section correctly drawn 

1

 

Hatching lines 

1

 

TOTAL: 

10

 

3.3

  • If the sides are not properly supported, no person is allowed  to work in the trench. ✔
  • The supervisor ensures that no load, material or heavy  machinery is placed near the edge of any excavation. ✔
  • Excavations must be adequately protected by a fence. ✔
  • Red warning lights and signs should be placed at regular  intervals and be clearly visible.
  • Orange warning signals must always be visible.
  • Deep trenches should have shoring. 
  • Wear a harness. 
  • Any person entering an excavation trench must wear  personal protective equipment.
    ANY THREE OF THE ABOVE (3)

3.4
3.4.1 Shoring A ✔ (1) 
3.4.2

  • Vertical members/poling boards are closer together. This means  loose or waterlogged soil cannot filter through the openings. ✔
  • The loose or waterlogged soil will easily filter through the openings  of B.
    ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE (1)

3.5
3.5.1 Manhole ✔ (1)
3.5.2 Lifeline ✔ (1)
3.6 

 

D

 
3.6.1       

Volume of concrete for foundation:

 
           
       

Volume = l x b x h

 
 

1/ 

1,150 ✔

     
   

1,0 ✔

     
   

0,125 ✔ 

0,14 m³ ✔ 

0,14 m³ of concrete is needed

 (4) 
3.6.2      

Number of bricks needed for the manhole: 

 
           
 

1/ 

4,96 ✔

 

Centre line of wall = 4,96 m

 
   

1,0 ✔

     
   

100 ✔ 

496 ✔ 

496 bricks are needed

 (4) 
           [30]

QUESTION 4: COLD AND HOT-WATER SUPPLY, TOOLS, EQUIPMENT AND  MATERIALS (SPECIFIC) 
4.1 
4.1.1 High pressure geyser/Electrical geyser ✔ (1)
4.1.2 Element ✔ (1) 
4.1.3 Gas geyser/Solar geyser/Coal/Biofuel/Wood geyser/Donkey/Solar  panel ✔ (1) 
4.2 
4.2.1 A dripping geyser overflow may be an indication that the pressure  control/relief valve/vacuum breaker is faulty/pipe joint leakage. ✔ (1) 
4.2.2 If there is no hot water, one of the following may be the cause:

  • No power to the geyser ✔ 
  • Circuit breaker is faulty 
  • Electricity supply is interrupted 
  • Thermostat may be faulty 
  • Element may be faulty 
  • Blocked hot-water pipe 
  • No sun for solar geyser 
  • No gas for gas geyser
    ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE (1) 

4.2.3 If water is leaking through the ceiling, one of the following may be  the reason: 

  • Burst geyser or major leak. ✔
  • Drip tray outlet pipe is blocked or overflowing. 
  • The drip tray may be cracked/no drip tray. 
  • Pipe joint leakage.
    ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE (1)

Related Items

4.3
4.3.1 F ✔ (1)
4.3.2 G ✔ (1)
4.3.3 E ✔ (1)
4.3.4 D ✔ (1)
4.3.5 B ✔ (1)
4.4 
MEMO 2 IUHUIAD(@ 2) 
4.5

  • Cut the damaged section from the pipe, using a pipe cutter/. ✔
  • Move the pipe slightly sideways to allow the fixing of compression  fittings. ✔ 
  • Measure and cut the length of pipe to be replaced. ✔ 
  • Slip the nuts over the pipes followed by the ferrules. Push the pipes  into the fittings and tighten using the correct tools. ✔
    OR 
  • Dismantle the joint (4)
  • Ensure sealing of joint (thread sealing tape)
  • Replace compression joint 
  • Tighten all nuts properly 
  • Test for leaks 

4.6 
4.6.1 P-Trap/Water trap ✔ (1)
4.6.2 PVC/Plastic/Rubber✔ (1)
4.6.3 B ✔ (1)
4.6.4 The seal will ensure a watertight seal and prevent it from leaking. ✔ (1)
4.7 
4.7.1 A Bibcock/Bib tap ✔ (1) B Stopcock/Stop tap ✔ (1) 
4.7.2 A

  1. A bibcock can be used for sanitary fitments such as kitchen sinks,  wash troughs, washbasins, dishwashers, washing machine,  fridges, ice machines and baths. ✔ Outside of a house for hose pipes. 
    ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE (1)
  2. A stopcock is used to close or shut off the water supply. ✔ (1) 

4.7.3

  • Plastic taps do not have the same resale value ✔as brass taps and  is therefore not worth stealing/cheaper. 
  • Plastic taps are cheaper than brass taps. (1) 

4.8

  • To enable local authorities/consumer to calculate the amount of   water consumed by a household. ✔
  • To indicate if there is a leakage in water pipes.
  • To enable the user to upload pre-paid water coupons. (1)

4.9 
4.9.1 Description of dezincification: 

  • Dezincification is the selective leaching of zinc from copper  alloys. ✔
  • It is an electrochemical reaction between zinc and water. ✔ (2) 

4.9.2 Problems caused: 

  • Zinc gradually dissolves from the surface of an alloy. ✔
  • The material that remains is a weak, spongy copper   layer. ✔
  • It can progress through the part/fitting, causing leaks. ✔
  • It can form blockages if it forms a deposit. (3)
    ANY THREE OF THE ABOVE 

4.10 Electrolytic cleaning/chemicals/scrubbing with wire brush/sand paper. ✔ (1)
4.11 Hydro-dynamic energy ✔ (1) 
4.12 ∙ Drain cleaning rods ✔ 

  •  Jetting machine/drain cleaning machine/plunger 
    ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE (1)

4.13 Compressed-air test apparatus ✔ (1) [40]

QUESTION 5: GRAPHICS AS MEANS OF COMMUNICATION, ROOF WORK AND  STORM WATER (SPECIFIC) 
5.1  
5.1.1 Stop end ✔ (1)
5.1.2 Pitch of the roof ✔ (1)
5.1.3 Galvanised sheet metal ✔ (1)
5.1.4 Gutter ✔ (1)
5.1.5 Kerb ✔ (1)
5.2 
MEMO 3 KJHUIAHD(7)

ASSESSMENT  CRITERIA

MARK 

LEARNER MARK

Square gutter 

2

 

Downpipe with offset 

3

 

Holder bat 

2

 

TOTAL: 

7

 

5.3 
MEMO 4 IUHUIAHD

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 

 

MARK 

CM

Construction lines to top of cone 

2

 

Construction lines of outer circle 

2

 

Divide outer circle in 12 parts 

1

 

Construction lines from top of cone to outer circle 

3

 

Cone measurement (marked/transferred) from front view to  determine top part of development (ONE mark for every FOUR  coordinates = 3) 

5

6

 

Outside lines of development 

2

 

3 mm seam on both sides 

2

 

TOTAL: 

 

18

 

OR 
5.3 
MEMO 5 IUHIUAD

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 

 

MARK 

CM

Construction lines to top of cone 

2

 

Construction lines of outer circle 

2

 

Divide outer circle in 12 parts 

1

 

Construction lines from top of cone to outer circle 

3

 

Cone measurement (marked/transferred) from front  view to determine top part of development 

6

 

Outside lines of development 

2

 

3 mm seam on both sides 

2

 

TOTAL: 

 

18

 

[30] 

QUESTION 6: SEWERAGE, SANITARY FITTINGS AND JOINING (SPECIFIC)
6.1 
6.1.1 B ✔ (1)
6.1.2 A ✔ (1)
6.1.3 A ✔ (1)
6.1.4 C ✔ (1)
6.1.5 B ✔ (1)
6.2 
6.2.1 C Waste junction135°/Y-junction 135°✔ (1) 
6.2.2

  • To allow access to the drainage system. ✔
  • To remove blockages from the drainage system.
    ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE (1) 

6.2.3

  • So that drain rods can be inserted easily into the pipe with  the direction of flow. ✔ 
  • A 90° junction at this point will make it impossible to use  drain rods.
  • A 90º junction will damage the main sewerage pipe if drain  rods are forced into the pipe.
    ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE (1)

6.3 
MEMO 6 KUHIUAD(10) 
6.4.1 15 mm ✔ (1)
6.4.2 Shower rose/head ✔ (1)
6.4.3 To channel the water towards C. ✔ (1) 
6.4.4

  • The shower trap allows water to flow down the drainage   pipes. ✔
  • Keeps unwanted odours from entering the atmosphere.
  • To ensure that water flows to the shower trap. (1)

6.4.5 Capillary joint/Soldered joint ✔ (1) 
6.5 The function of an anti-siphonage pipe is: 

  • To supply air to the short branch pipe of the lower fixture at the time  of suction to prevent loss of the water seal. ✔
  • To act as a ventilation pipe for the lower fixtures.
    ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE (1) 

6.6 FIGURE A: Used above ground where soil pipe must bend. ✔  Where access to sewage pipes are needed/unblocking of pipes.  To join sewage pipes at 90º. 
FIGURE B: Used to connect soil pipes at an angle. ✔  To join three soil pipes at an angle of 135º (2) 
6.7

  • Water closet ✔
  • Bidet 
  • Urinal
    ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE (1)   

6.8 
MEMO 7 JHGUYCD@ (2) 
6.9 Materials that are commonly used for sanitary fittings are: 

  • Ceramics ✔
  • Cast iron ✔ 
  • Stainless steel 
  • Plastic/PVC 
  • Pressed steel 
  • Terrazzo 
  • Glass fibre/fibreglass (2) 
  • Copper/aluminium
    ANY TWO OF THE ABOVE 

6.10

  • 50/50 solder (plain/tinman's solder) ✔ 
  • Wiping solder (plumber's solder) ✔ 
  • 60/40 solder (fine solder) 
  • Lead-free solder
    ANY TWO OF THE ABOVE (2) 

6.11 Chemical anchors can be used to: 

  • Mount air conditioners ✔ 
  • Fit outdoor lights 
  • Fix brackets to walls
  • Fix brackets to secure I-beams 
  • Fix balconies 
  • Fix railings 
  • Repair bathrooms
    ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE (1)

6.12 
6.12.1 Rivet head ✔ (1) 
6.12.2 Flange is created by the rivet gun to complete the bond between  the two pieces of material/keep/secure the two parts together. ✔ (1) [40] 

TOTAL: 200

Last modified on Tuesday, 14 September 2021 09:20