CIVIL TECHNOLOGY
GRADE 12 
AMENDED SCE PAST PAPERS AND MEMOS
MAY/JUNE 2018

REQUIREMENTS: 

1. Drawing instruments
2. A non-programmable calculator
3. ANSWER BOOK 

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 

1. This question paper consists of SIX questions. 
2. Answer ALL the questions. 
3. Answer each question as a whole. Do NOT separate subsections of  questions. 
4. Start the answer to EACH question on a NEW page. 
5. Do NOT write in the margins of the ANSWER BOOK. 
6. You may use sketches to illustrate your answers.
7. Write ALL calculations and answers in the ANSWER BOOK or on the  attached ANSWER SHEETS. 
8. Use the mark allocation as a guide to the length of your answers. 
9. Make drawings and sketches in pencil, fully dimensioned and neatly finished  off with descriptive titles and notes to conform to the SANS/SABS Code of  Practice for Building Drawings.
10. For the purpose of this question paper, the size of a brick should be taken as  220 mm x 110 mm x 75 mm.
11. Use your own discretion where dimensions and/or details have been omitted. 
12. Answer QUESTIONS 2.7, 3.5, 4.3, 5.2, 5.3, 6.1 and 6.2 on the attached  ANSWER SHEETS using drawing instruments, where necessary.
13. Write your CENTRE NUMBER and EXAMINATION NUMBER on every  ANSWER SHEET and hand them in with your ANSWER BOOK, whether you  have used them or not.
14. Drawings in the question paper are NOT to scale due to electronic transfer. 
15. Google Images was used as the source for all photographs and pictures.

QUESTIONS 

QUESTION 1: CONSTRUCTION, SAFETY AND MATERIALS 
Start this question on a NEW page. 
1.1 Study FIGURE 1.1 below that shows a worker drilling on a construction site and answer the questions that follow. 

FIGURE 1.1 
1.1.1 Describe the purpose of the hard hat. (1) 
1.1.2 Explain how the worker can protect himself from the dust caused  by the drill. (1) 
1.1.3 Describe the consequences if safety equipment is not used by the  worker whilst drilling. (1) 
1.2 FIGURE 1.2 below shows safety equipment used for personal protection. 

FIGURE 1.2 
1.2.1 Identify the safety equipment. (1) 
1.2.2 Name ONE specific place/working area where this equipment will  be used. (1)
1.3 FIGURE 1.3 below shows the line diagram of a roof truss. 

FIGURE 1.3 
1.3.1 Identify the type of roof truss. (1)
1.3.2 Identify parts A to C of the roof truss. (3) 
1.3.3 Motivate why the roof truss in FIGURE 1.3 cannot be covered with  grass (thatch). (1) 
1.3.4 Name ONE roof covering that can be used for the roof in  FIGURE 1.3 if battens (38 mm x 38 mm) are used to keep the roof  covering in place. (1) 
1.4 Explain the difference between DPC (damp proof course) and a DPM (damp  proof membrane) in terms of where it is used. (2) 
1.5 Differentiate between a standard clay brick and a queen closer by means of  TWO freehand two-dimensional drawings in good proportion. Draw the view  of the headers only. Label EACH drawing and write down the width and  height of each brick. (5) 
1.6 Corrosion of steel sections can be prevented by either painting or galvanising  them. Recommend ONE of the methods and explain why you recommend it. (1) 
1.7 Name any TWO preservatives that can be used to preserve timber. (1)
1.8 Draw a neat sketch of a tongue and groove board used for flooring. (3)
1.9 Describe the purpose of cement in concrete. (1)
1.10 Distinguish between mass concrete and reinforced concrete. (2) 
1.11 During the casting of fresh concrete many air bubbles that cause voids are  trapped in the concrete. Name TWO ways in which trapped air in concrete  can be removed. (1) 
1.12 Explain the difference between a slump test and a cube test in terms of the  purpose of each test. (2) 
1.13 Name the component used to close the gap/opening between two adjacent  gypsum ceiling boards. (1) [30] 

QUESTION 2: ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION AND EQUIPMENT 
Start this question on a NEW page. 
2.1 FIGURE 2.1 below is a sketch of a precast concrete pile driven into the  ground. 

FIGURE 2.1 
2.1.1 Name parts A and C. (2)
2.1.2 What does symbol B indicate? (1)
2.1.3 What equipment is used to drive this type of pile into the ground? (1)
2.1.4 Under what conditions will a pile foundation be used? (2) 
2.2 Explain how you will use a transparent pipe level to transfer levels from one  point to another. The pipe is already filled with water. (2) 
2.3 You must lay tiles on a floor. Name any THREE tools that can be used to set  out the floor for the tiles. (3) 
2.4 FIGURE 2.4 below is a machine that is used in the building environment. 

FIGURE 2.4 
2.4.1 Identify the tool in FIGURE 2.4. (1)
2.4.2 Identify part A. (1)
2.4.3 Describe the function of part B. (1) 
2.5 Arches are commonly used in the building industry. 
2.5.1 Name the timber construction that has to be constructed to support  the bricks of a semi-circular arch. (1) 
2.5.2 Name the brick that is in the middle of the semi-circular arch. (1) 
2.6 FIGURE 2.6 below shows a concrete beam with defects caused by forces  acting on them. Name the types of forces that are responsible for the defects  at A en B.  

FIGURE 2.6 (2) 
2.7 FIGURE 2.7 on the ANSWER SHEET shows an incomplete sectional view of  a cavity wall.  
Use ANSWER SHEET 2.7 to complete the cavity wall by drawing the  following in good proportion: 

• Six brick courses above the existing two courses  (2) 
• Mortar between brickwork (1) 
• Symbol for concrete in the cavity between the walls (1) 
• Symbol for concrete in the foundation (1) 
• The symbol for back filling on one side only (1) 
• The damp proof between the walls and the cavity (2) 
• The weep hole (1) 
• One wall tie (1) 

2.8 A garage needs to be converted to a bachelor's flat. Due to limited time and  the cost of labour, brick walls are not considered. Name a type of light-weight  wall that can be used to divide the garage into rooms. (1)
2.9 Describe ONE disadvantage of the type of wall named in QUESTION 2.8. (1) 
2.10 FIGURE 2.10 below shows an incomplete sectional view of a reinforced  beam. 

FIGURE 2.10 
2.10.1 Identify A and B. (2) 
2.10.2 Name ONE negative consequence if there is no reinforcement  in concrete. (1) 
2.10.3 State ONE function of stirrups. (1) 
2.11 FIGURE 2.11 below shows formwork for a round column. 

FIGURE 2.11 
Identify A to E. (5) 
2.12 Rearrange the stages below in the correct order to erect the rib and block  floor. Write down only the letters (A–C) in the correct order in the ANSWER  BOOK. 

1. Place reinforcing on top of hollow blocks. 
2. Pack all the hollow blocks between the ribs. 
3. Place ribs on supporting walls. (1) [40] 

QUESTION 3: CIVIL SERVICES 
Start this question on a NEW page. 
3.1 Choose a description from COLUMN B that matches an item in COLUMN A. Write only the letter (A–H) next to the question numbers (3.1.1 to 3.1.6) in the  ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 3.1.7 F. 

3.2 Where would you install a water trap? (1)
3.3 Name ONE type of water trap that is used at a hand wash basin. (1)
3.4 Draw the following electrical symbols: 
3.4.1 Socket outlet (2)
3.4.2 Two-way switch (2)
3.4.3 Light wall mounted (2) 
3.5 On ANSWER SHEET 3.5 complete the drawing of a sectional view of a septic  tank and show the following on your drawing: 

• External walls with plaster and holes 
• Inner wall with hole and plaster 
• Inlet pipe with T-junction 
• Outlet pipe with T-junction 
• Liquid level 
• Concrete cover with manholes (11) 

3.6 In the absence of piped water from the municipality, name ONE other source  of fresh water that is suitable for human consumption. (1) 
3.7 Describe the main function of a storm-water system. (1) 
3.8 Coal is the primary energy source used in South Africa to generate electricity.  Name ONE other source from which electricity can be generated. (1) 
3.9 Describe ONE advantage of a solar geyser. (1) 
3.10 Describe ONE possible way in which a consumer could reduce electricity  consumption in a home. (1) [30]

QUESTION 4: QUANTITIES, MATERIALS AND JOINING 
Start this question on a NEW page. 
4.1 Various options are given as possible answers to the following questions.  Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question  numbers (4.1.1 to 4.1.5) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 4.1.6 C. 
4.1.1 … are used to connect steel roof parts, steel columns and in situ  timber trusses. 

1. Steel nails 
2. Bolts and nuts 
3. Dry-wall screws 
4. Cavity anchor (1) 

4.1.2 A/An … is a type of nail used to attach ceiling boards to the  brandering. 

1. wire nail 
2. cut nail 
3. clout nail 
4. oval wire nail (1) 

4.1.3 … is used to join copper pipes. 

1. Brazing rod
2. Welding rod 
3. Grease 
4. Solder (1) 

4.1.4 … are used to join the members of a timber roof truss to one  another. 

1. Gang nails/A connector plate  
2. Clout nails 
3. Rawl bolts 
4. Screws (1) 

4.1.5 … can be used to join a roof truss to brickwork. 

1. Bolt and nut  
2. Sleeve anchor  
3. Hoop iron 
4. All the above-mentioned (1)

4.2 FIGURE 4.2 below shows the front view of a two-panel door. Study the  drawing and complete the incomplete cutting list below. Write only the answer  next to the question numbers (4.2.1 to 4.2.7) in the ANSWER BOOK. 

FIGURE 4.2  (7) 

4.3 FIGURE 4.3 below shows the floor plan of a garage with a garage door, a  side door and a window. 

FIGURE 4.3 
SPECIFICATIONS: 

• The superstructure is a one-brick wall, 220 mm wide and 2 600 mm high.
• The side door opening is 2 100 mm high x 900 mm wide. 
• The garage door is 2 400 mm wide x 2 100 mm high. 
• The window opening is 1 500 mm wide x 450 mm high. 

Use ANSWER SHEET 4.3 and calculate the total area of the walls for the  superstructure that needs to be built after deducting all the openings. (18) [30]  

QUESTION 5: APPLIED MECHANICS 
Start this question on a NEW page. 
5.1 FIGURE 5.1 shows a shaped lamina. All dimensions are in millimetres. Study the lamina and calculate the centroid of the lamina form A-A. 
HINT: Use the formulae on the FORMULA SHEET. 

FIGURE 5.1 (9) 
5.2 ANSWER SHEET 5.2 shows a diagram of a cantilever frame. Use ANSWER  SHEET 5.2 to answer the following questions. 
5.2.1 Name DIAGRAM A. (1) 
5.2.2 On ANSWER SHEET 5.2, develop and draw a diagram to  determine graphically the nature of the forces in each member  (part) of the cantilever frame. Use scale 1 mm = 1 N. (6) 
5.2.3 Use the information in the diagrams and complete the table on  ANSWER SHEET 5.2. (3) 
5.3 FIGURE 5.3 shows the space diagram of a beam with a span of 8 metres with two point loads and a uniformly distributed load. Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow. 

FIGURE 5.3 
5.3.1 Convert the uniformly distributed load to a point load and write  down the value of the converted point load. (1) 
5.3.2 Determine the distance of the converted uniformly distributed load  that is now a point load, from RR. (1) 
5.3.3 Determine the distance of the 4 N point load, from RL. (1) 
5.3.4 The value of the shear forces at A = 15 N, B = 7 N, D = -9 N,  D1 = -13 N and E = 0 N. Use the available information and draw  the shear force diagram on ANSWER SHEET 5.3. Use a scale of  2 mm = 1 N. (8) [30] 

QUESTION 6: GRAPHICS AND COMMUNICATION 
6.1 FIGURE 6.1 below illustrates a detailed sectional view of the foot of a king  post roof truss. Study the drawing and complete the table on ANSWER  SHEET 6.1. 

FIGURE 6.1 
6.2 FIGURE 6.2 below shows the floor plan of a two-bedroom house. 

FIGURE 6.2
6.2.1 Study FIGURE 6.2 and develop and draw, on ANSWER  SHEET 6.2, to scale 1 : 50, the SOUTH ELEVATION of the  building. Use the specifications below. 
(Use the assessment criteria on ANSWER SHEET 6.2 as a  guideline for your drawing). 
SPECIFICATIONS: 

• The height between the natural ground level and the top level  of the floor slab is 300 mm. 
• The height between the floor slab and the underside of the wall  plate is 2 600 mm. 
• The roof is covered with galvanised roof sheeting with a  228 mm wide fascia board. 
• Ridge capping is 100 mm high. 
• Rainwater downpipes are 75 mm in diameter and 100 mm  square gutters are used. 
• One rainwater downpipe must be placed on each side the of  the roof. 
• The eaves overhang is 500 mm and the verge overhang is  300 mm. 
• The door opening is 2 100 mm high and 900 mm wide. 
• The door step is 150 mm high. 
• The building has a gable roof with a pitch of 30°. 

The following must also be shown on the drawing: 

• The method used to determine the roof height 
• Windows sills ​

WINDOW SCHEDULE
Window 1(W1)		Window 2(W2)
Width	Height	Width	Height
1 500 mm	1 200 mm	900 mm	600 mm

THREE marks will be allocated for the application of scale.  
Start your drawing from corner A as indicated on ANSWER SHEET 6.2. (25) [40] 

TOTAL: 200

ANSWER SHEET 2.7 

FIGURE 2.7 

ANSWER SHEET 3.5

ANSWER SHEET 4.3 
Complete your answers in the spaces indicated with ... and .... .

ANSWER SHEET 5.2 
(1) 

(6) 
DIAGRAM A IS NOT ACCORDING TO SCALE 

Tolerance of 1 N on both sides  (3) 

ANSWER SHEET 5.3 

ANSWER SHEET 6.1

ANSWER SHEET 6.2 A

FORMULA SHEET 
IMPORTANT ABBREVIATIONS 

FORMULAE

Position of centroid = (A1 x d) ± (A2 x d)
                                        Total area
OR
Y = ΣAy 
       ΣA
OR
X = ΣAx 
        ΣA